Formulae And Acids Flashcards
How do atoms on the left make ions?
Lose electrons to form positive ions (cations)
How do atoms on the right make ions?
Gain electros to form negative ions (anions)
What are polyatomic ions?
Ions which contains atoms of more than one element.
How are chemical formulas produced?
Combing ions which are negative and positive.
What do covalent compounds not contain?
Don’t contain ions. Most covalent compounds exist as molecules with a small number of atoms. E.g. H2O
What are example of diatomic atoms?
Diatoic atoms have two atoms joined together.
E.g. O2, CL2, Br2, I2, F2, N2, H2
What are the 4 state symbols in chemical equations?
Gaseous (g)
Liquid (l)
Solid (s)
Aqueous (aq)
What is the definition of an acid?
An acid is described as a proton donor.
All contain hydrogen because when added to water , the acid releases hydrogen into the solution in the form of H+ ions.
What is a strong acid?
Releases all its hydrogen atoms into solution as H+ ions and completely dissociates in aqueous solution.
Has high concentration of H+ ions
What is a weak acid?
Only releases a small proportion of its available hydrogen atoms into a solution as H+ ions and is partially dissociates in aqueous solution.
Has low concentration of H+ ions
What is a base?
Is a proton acceptor.
What are some common bases?
Metal oxides, hydroxides , metal carbonates, ammonia and compounds.
What is an alkali?
A soluble base that releases OH- ions in a solution.
What are examples of alkalis?
Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia/ammonium hydroxide.
What is a salt?
A chemical compund formed when the H+ ions from an acid has been replaced by a metal ion or another positive ion
What does an acid + alkali make?
Salt + water
Its a neutralisation reaction
What is the general ionic equation for the reaction between acid + alkali?
H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) -> H2O (l)
What does a acid and a base make?
Salt + water
Its a neutralisation reaction.
What is the general ionic equation for the reaction between an acid and a base?
H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) -> H2O (l)
What can be observed when an acid and base react with each other?
Solid disappears
What does and acid + carbonate make?
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
What is the general ionic equation for when an acid reacts with a carbonate?
H+ (aq) + CO3 2- (aq) -> CO2 (g)+ H2O (l)
What can be observed when an acid reacts with a carbonate?
Solid disappears
Bubbles
What does an acid + metal make? (Remember MASH)
Salt + hydrogen
What is the general ionic equation for an acid + metal?
H+ (aq) + metal (s) -> metal ion (aq) + H2 (g)
E.g. 2H+ (aq) + Mg ( s) -> Mg2+ (aq) + H2 (g)
What can be observed when an acid reacts with a metal?
Metal disappears
Bubbling.
How are ammonium salts formed?
When acids are neutralised by aqueous ammonia.
Ammonium salts contain ammonium ion (NH4+)
In reaction, the ammonium accepts the proton from acid to form ammonium salt.
The only product in this reaction is ammonium salt.
What are ammonium salts used for?
Fertilisers
