formula Flashcards
1
Q
phosphate
A
PO4^3-
2
Q
Ammonium
A
NH4^+
3
Q
sulphate
A
SO4^-2
4
Q
Sulfite
A
SO3^2-
5
Q
nitrate
A
NO3^1-
6
Q
carbonate
A
CO3^-2
7
Q
hydroxide
A
OH^1-
8
Q
Nitrite
A
NO2^1-
9
Q
Giant Covalent (Macromolecular) Structures:
A
solids with very high melting points, where all the atoms are made of pure carbon.
10
Q
diamond
A
- Each carbon atom is joined with four other carbon atoms
- High Melting and Boiling Points - Strong Covalent Bonds
- Cannot conduct electricity due to no free-moving electrons
- Hard in structure
- Tetrahedral Structure
- Uses are for cutting tools and jewellery
- no weak intermolecular forces
11
Q
graphite
A
- Each carbon atom is joined with three other carbon atoms
- High Melting and Boiling Points - Strong covalent bonds within the layers
- Contains Delocalised/Free Moving Electrons
- Can conduct electricity due to free-moving electrons
- Soft - Layers can slide easily
- Layers of hexagonal rings held by weak intermolecular forces
- Uses are for lubricant and electrode in Electrolysis
12
Q
Silicon (IV) Oxide (SiO2)
A
- Tetrahedral Structure (similar/resemblance to that of a diamond)
- Hard Structure
- High melting and boiling point - More energy to overcome
- Does not conduct electricity
- Each Silicon atom is covalently bonded with 4 Oxygen Atoms
- Each Oxygen atom is covalently bonded with 2 Silicon Atoms
- no intermolecular forces (like diamond)
13
Q
properties of giant covalent compounds
A
- high melting and boiling points as they have many strong covalent bonds that need to be broken down
(Large amounts of heat energy are needed to break these strong covalent bonds) - cannot conduct electricity (except graphite)
14
Q
Two substances made from the same element, that are in the same physical state, but that have different structures, are called _______.
A
allotropes
