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Criminology > Forms of Social Control > Flashcards

Forms of Social Control Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of social control?

A

The pressure to persuade or compel members of society to conform to the rules. It includes any strategy to prevent deviant behaviour.

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2
Q

What is the definition of internal social control?

A

Your conscience, upbringing and family traditions.

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3
Q

Rational Ideology - Why may people not engage in criminal activity?

A

They believe in the laws of the country and they exist to protect the population.

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4
Q

Rational Ideology - Why do people abide by the law?

A

They think it’s the best way to achieve social control.

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5
Q

Rational Ideology - What is social control linked to?

A

Your conscience, feelings of guilt, anxiety or worry from within.

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6
Q

Rational Ideology - What does a person’s conscience guide them to do and what does it create?

A

Follow the rules/law.
It creates anxiety at the thought of doing something bad.

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7
Q

Rational Ideology - How is not stealing a pen an example of rational ideology?

A

The conscience guides in the right way to follow the rules.

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8
Q

Rational Ideology - How does it then translate to criminal behaviour?

A

Not speeding or driving using your phone as it is right, proper and will protect the public.

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9
Q

Tradition - What does religion relate to?

A

Religion and culture.

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10
Q

Tradition - What does a person’s religion or culture usually ensure?

A

That they follow the rules so probably won’t break any laws.

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11
Q

Tradition - Give an example of a religious rule.

A

The ban of alcohol consumption or not eating meat on good friday.

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12
Q

Tradition - How does it translate to criminal behaviour?

A

Following rules becomes part of the persons socialisation into a law abiding citizen.

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13
Q

Internalisation of Social Rules - What do rules and traditions become part of?

A

Our inner self and personality.

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14
Q

Internalisation of Social Rules - Where do they start out?

A

Outside of us. E.g. Parents, culture, tradition, etc.

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15
Q

Internalisation of Social Rules - What is internalisation of social rules and morality?

A

Working out what is the right thing to do.

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16
Q

Internalisation of Social Rules - Where does this socialisation come from?

A

Parents and traditions/culture.

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17
Q

Internalisation of Social Rules - Explain how queue jumping is an example of the internalisation of social rules and morality?

A

People believe it is the wrong thing to do, so won’t do it.

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18
Q

Internalisation of Social Rules - How does it then translate to criminal behaviour?

A

Society’s (family/traditions) rules become our own personal rules and moral code.

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19
Q

What is the definition of external form of social control?

A

Techniques and strategies used to prevent criminal behaviour in a society.

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20
Q

What is the most visible form of external social control?

A

Those exercised by people and/or organisations empowered to enforce conformity to society’s law.

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21
Q

List the 5 agencies of social control.

A

Police
CPS
Courts/Magistrates
Prison
Probation

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22
Q

What do the 5 agencies of social control act as?

A

A pressure to try and compel members of society to conform to the rules.

23
Q

Police - How do the police provide external social control?

A

By using powers of stop and search, arresting, detaining and questioning suspects.

24
Q

What is coercion?

A

The use of force to achieve a desired end.

25
Q

What is physical coercion?

A

Using bodily injury, imprisonment and, in some countries, the death penalty to achieve aims.

26
Q

What is non-violent coercion?

A

Striking, boycotting and non-cooperation are used to try and achieve aims.

27
Q

How do the police use coercion?

A

They stop and search people they suspect of criminal activity and use physical coercion if they don’t comply.

28
Q

Police - Where do their rights to use coercion come from?

A

The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984

29
Q

Police - What word best describes the fear of punishment?

A

Deterrence

30
Q

Define deterrence.

A

Punishment is used as a threat to stop people from offending.

31
Q

What is the definition of individual deterrence?

A

Punishments used on offenders to deter them from committing further crimes.

32
Q

How do the police use individual deterrence?

A

Giving a warning or caution without charges.

33
Q

What is the definition of general deterrence?

A

The fear if punishment stops other committing similar crimes.

34
Q

How do the police use general deterrence?

A

Being present on the streets prevents people from committing crimes.

35
Q

How do the CPS provide external social control?

A

By charging and prosecuting suspects in court to persuade and compel others to follow the law or conform to the punishment given.

36
Q

How do the CPS use coercion?

A

If someone the CPS charged doesn’t turn up to the trial, they are forced to attend by the police. The CPS act as a non-violent form of coercion.

37
Q

How do the CPS use individual deterrence?

A

If someone has been previously convicted and experienced the CPS before (been charged by them) they will want to avoid further offences.

38
Q

How do the CPS use general deterrence?

A

An individual will avoid criminal activity as they know they will be charged by the CPS for any crime committed.

39
Q

How do the courts provide external social control?

A

By determining someone’s guilt, sentencing them (appropriately) and refusing bail to persuade and compel people to follow the law.

40
Q

How do the courts use coercion?

A

They demand attendance at court and use physical detention to do this by refusing bail (if needed).

41
Q

How do the courts use individual deterrence?

A

By providing suspended sentences or conditional discharges or more serious consequences for further crimes.

42
Q

How do the courts use general deterrence?

A

A lengthy prison sentence or large financial penalty so others can see the potential consequences so are deterred.

43
Q

How does prison provide external social control?

A

Detaining prisoners for the duration of the sentence and punishing misbehaviour whilst in prison, persuade and compel people to follow the law and conform to the punishment given.

44
Q

How does prison use coercion?

A

To achieve the desired affect/result of incarceration by enforcing a detention period on the offender, restricting their freedom.

45
Q

How does prison use individual deterrence?

A

No repeat offence, no repeat experience in prison.

46
Q

How does prison use general deterrence?

A

Long sentences to deter others from committing the same crime.

47
Q

How does probation provide external social control?

A

Recalling offenders to prison and facilitating community sentences.

48
Q

How does probation use coercion?

A

Uses threat of further punishments for breaking the law.

49
Q

How does probation use individual deterrence?

A

Offenders are assigned a probationary worker for a year if the sentence is more than 2 days but less than 2 years, and will go back to prison if they don’t follow the process.

50
Q

How does probation use general deterrence?

A

Fear of probation order due to restrictions and conditions involved. Also lose job, shame and embarrassment of probation orders.

51
Q

Define control theories.

A

They try to explain why people don’t commit crime (abide by the law). They agree with the idea that humans need to be nurtured in order to form relationships or attachments, which are the key to producing internal controls e.g conscience. Control theories suggest that a lack of commitment and attachment to others leads to crime, as they have no societal ties to keep them from straying and ensure they follow the law.

52
Q

Briefly summarise Hirschi theory.

A

Individuals bonds to society determine if they conform.
Key bonds
Attachment - goals, employment
Commitment - protecting others in community
Involvement - status in community
Belief - in moral codes
If they form these bonds, they will not commit crime (abide by the law).

53
Q

Briefly summarise Reckless theory.

A

Internal psychological controls/containments and external social containments prevent people from deviating from social norms, so abide by the law.
Inner containments - upbringing, family
Outer containments - influence of social group, laws of society which we live.

Criminology (2 decks)

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