Forms of Cultural Transmission Flashcards
What is enculturation?
Form of cultural transmission where society transmits culture and behaviour to its members by surrounding members with appropriate models
What is socialisation?
Form of cultural transmission by which a society deliberately shapes the behaviour of its developing members through instruction
What does socialisation require and what does it lead to?
- requires specific instruction and training
- leads to acquisition of culture appropriate behaviour
What is the relationship between socialisation and enculturation?
Instructions provided by socialisation are internalised, leading to enculturation
What is acculturation?
Changes in cultural group or individual after contact with another cultural group.
Give two examples of acculturation.
Colonisation and immigration.
What are the seven steps of cultural transmission?
- Still at home.
- Immigrant enters host culture.
- Adjustment process and culture shock
- Equilibrium
- Self concept disturbance
- Repatriation shock
- Identity responses
What are the four forms of acculturation?
Assimilation: host culture > home culture
Integration: host culture = home culture
Separation: Host culture < home culture
Marginalisation: not identifying with either culture
How does enculturation and socialisation link to in group and out group theory?
Both lead to behavioural similarities within cultures, and differences between cultures.
Leads to thinking that there is in group heterogeneity and out group homogeneity
Who wrote the paper ‘Rethinking the Concept of Acculturation’ and when?
Seth J Schwarz, 2010
What are the three criticisms of Berry’s theory of acculturation?
- Priory cut points mean all four forms are equally represented in any participant sample
- Marginalisation as a form of acculturation is highly unlikely
- criticism’s by Rudmin (2003)
- Berry’s theory uses a ‘one size fits all’ approach –> acculturation constrained by demographic or context
What did Schwart’s 2008 study in Miami show?
- the categories for acculturation were not as well differentiated as Berry’s theory
- multiple types of biculturalism were identified
- marginalisation was the only form of acculturation not represented
- -> consistent with Rudmin’s criticisms
What is reactive ethnicity?
- discrimination experienced by ethnic minority groups leads to them holding onto cultural heritage even stronger and resisting the host culture.
What is the immigrant paradox?
The more integrated an immigrant is, the more likely they are to experience poor health outcomes.
What is the difference between integration and biculturalism?
Biculturalism often involves combining and synthesising different aspects of the host and home culture into a unique blend.
