Formative past papers 3 Flashcards
Why is obesity more common in more deprived areas?
- Lower (health) education
- Reduced cooking facilities
- Cost of healthy foods, so takeaways
- Cultural expectations
- Unhealthy budgeting choices e.g. smoking
What are the 3 lay beliefs about health?
- Absence of disease
- Physical fitness
- Functional ability
How is non-maleficence put into practice? (infection)
Culture of sputum and discussion with microbiology to minimise risk
How might someone feel healthy?
- Lack of illness
- Healthy diet
- Regular exercise
- Ability to work and socialise
- No regular medicine
- Ability to become pregnant
Why might someone perceive something to be normal?
- Media with TV programmes
- Might be normal for their social group
What does a normal distribution curve look like?
Gradual increase, followed by a gradual decrease
What are the 6 aims of the Calgary Cambridge model?
- Initiating session
- Gathering information
- Providing structure
- Building relationship
- Explanation and planning
- Closing the session
What does ADL mean?
- activités of daily living e.g daily self-care activities,
- measures functional status.
- Used in disabilities and elderly
What is the definition of birth rate?
Number of live births in a population over a given period of time e.g /year
Social cognitive theory
Takes into account personal, environmental, social and behavioural factors
What is self-efficacy?
Belief in the ability to change
What determines the social and economic gradient of health?
- Access to health care
- Physical and social environmental exposures
- Health behaviours
- Life-course factors
Access to healthcare defiinition
opportunity to use healthcare regardless of whether it’s used
What does access to healthcare depend on?
Affordability
Accessibility
Acceptability
What are the childhood experiences that influence health?
- Nutrition
- Trauma
- Nurture
- Optimism
- Education
What are the personal factors of the social cognitive theory?
- Beliefs
- Knowledge
- Attitudes
- Self-efficacy
What are the environmental/social factors of the social cognitive theory?
- Culture
- Location
- Income
- Social support
What are the behavioural factors of the social cognitive theory?
- Habit
- Pattern of behaviour
What is involved in self-efficacy?
- Goal-setting
- Effort
- Persistence in the face of obstacles
- Recovery from setbacks
What occurs in social biology?
- Increased BP
- Impaired glucose tolerance
- Immune dysregulation
- Oxidative cellular stress with accelerated ageing
Clinical audit
Quality improvement process that seeks to improve patient care and outcomes through:
- systematic review of care against criteria and
- implementation of change
Citirical appraisal
process of carefully and systematically examining research to judge its trustworthiness, and its value and relevance in a particular context
Disease
- A physiological or psychological dysfunction,
- the biological process is the same in each individual (unlike illness)
Illness
A persons experience of being ill
