Formative past papers 2 Flashcards
Aspects of a healthy lifestyle to discuss with patients
● diet
● exercise
● alcohol
● smoking
● illicit drug use
● sexual health
Aspects of health likely to be worse for children in the most deprived area
● lower birth weight
● less likely to benefit from breastfeeding in infancy
● poorer dental health
● higher rates of obesity
● more likely to smoke
Risks to foetal well-being
● smoking
● alcohol
● illicit or prescription drugs
● OTC medication or herbal medication
● X-rays
● poor nutrition/folic acid
● infectious diseases (Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes)
● maternal disease e.g DM
Factors to make pregnant women more likely to change lifestyle behaviour
● advantages (e.g a healthy baby) outweigh disadvantages
● ( patient) anticipates a positive response from others to her behaviour change
● social pressure to change
● (patient) perceives new behaviour to be consistent with her self-image
● (patient) believes she is able to carry out behaviour in a range of circumstances
WHO definition of health
- A state of completely physical
- mental
- and social
- well-being and not merely absence of disease or infirmity
Factors thast affect our beliefs about health and example
● age = older –> functional ability. younger –> physical strength and fitness
● social class = lower socioeconomic –>ability to provide and take care of others
● gender = men and women appear to think about health differently (women include a social aspect to health)
● culture = different perceptions of illness / disease,
Different routes to exposure to hazardous substances
● blood
● skin
● sexual contact
● ingestion
● inhalation
Categories of hazards and examples
● physical = heat / noise / radiation from equipment
● chemical e.g pesticide
● mechanical = trips / slips
● biological = spread of infection amongst colleagues
● psychological / stress = anxiety regarding job security
Common reasons for children to visit GP
● feeding problems (newborns)
● URTIs e.g colds & coughs
● rashes
● sore throat
● vomiting + / - diarrhoea
● abdominal pain
● behavioural problems
● developmental delay
Social influences on health
● gender
● ethnicity
● housing
● employment/financial security
● social class
● health system
● environment
Health and social care team members when to assist in the care of a COPD patient
● physiotherapist = help clear chest secretions
● pharmacist = advice on medication
● dietician = assessment of nutrition
● counsellor = assessment and management of low mood
● practise nurse = assessment and advice regarding inhaler use / immunisation
● occupational therapist = aids to assist daily living e.g stair lift
Ethical, psychological and social issues to consider in abortion
Ethical
- Beliefs regarding termination
- Any religious beliefs
- Thoughts regarding bringing a child into the world that you do not feel able to care for
Psychological
Anxiety about:
- being a parent
- going through with a termination
- level of support from family and friends
Social
- Support network - does patient feel her friends would be supportive
- social life will dramatically change after having baby
- Ability to find a job will be affected
Factors to increase chance of someone changing their behaviour
- You think advantages of change outweigh disadvantages
- anticipate a positive response from others
- social pressure for you to change
- perceive new behaviour consistent with your self-image
- believe you’re able to carry out new behaviour in a range of circumstances
Benefits of mutual participation style
- Greater participation by patient, so greater sense of autonomy
- patient adopts greater responsibility for their own health e.g decision making
- Patients more satisfied with consultations so less likely to complain about their care
- May increase compliance with advice/treatment
Authoritarian/paternalistic relationship
- Doctor uses their authority/ status. Patient has no autonomy.
- patient tries hard to please doctor and does not actively participate in their own treatment.
