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Lottie's DPD 2 > Formative Feedback > Flashcards

Formative Feedback Flashcards

1
Q

L sided scrotal pain, radiating to abdo. L side is swollen, tender and lying high in scrotum. Dx?

A

Testicular torsion

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2
Q

How do you differentiate between torsion and epididymitis?

A

Physical exam - torsion has high riding testicle

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3
Q

Painful L lower leg swelling. 26 weeks pregnant. Marginally raised CRP, normal WCC. First Ix?

A

Doppler USS lower limb

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4
Q

Why does a marginally raised CRP eliminate cellulitis?

A

Cellulitis will have REALLY raised CRP eg >50

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5
Q

Why is D dimer not measured for DVT in pregnancy?

A

D dimer is raised in pregnancy anyway

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6
Q

PE Ix?

A

V/Q scan

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7
Q

Pt with meningism. CSF microscopy shows segmented neutrophils and gram negative diplococci. Causative organism?

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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8
Q

What is the most common cause of meningitis in young people?

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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9
Q

How does TB meningitis differ from normal?

A

More lymphocytes in CSF in TB

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10
Q

Memory problems gradually, with big decline in last 4 weeks. Cries for no reason. Has episodes of not being able to speak properly. HTN.
O/E increased tone in R arm, low MMSE
CT show white matter hypodensities. Dx?

A

Vascular dementia

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11
Q

Classic feature of Lewy body dementia?

A

Hallucinations

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12
Q

What are CT hypodensities in vascular dementia?

A

Mini infarcts

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13
Q

Zig-zagging and flashing lights in both eyes + headaches. 2-3 times a month, 30 mins at a time. Associated w N&V. Vision affected in each attack but then returns to normal. Dx?

A

Migraine

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14
Q

What is PC of retinal detachment?

A

Loss of vision

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15
Q

Collapse, left hemianopia, left facial palsy, expressive dysphasia, L sided motor loss and weakness. Most likely artery affected?

A

Right middle cerebral artery

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16
Q

When is speech affected in stroke?

A

When the stroke is in the dominant hemisphere

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17
Q

Epigastric pain radiating to back + vomiting. ++ETOH. Normal CXR.
O/E raised amylase, mildly raised ALT&AST. Dx?

A

Pancreatitis

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18
Q

Dyspepsia, 3 month Hx of weight loss & fatigue.

O/E low MCV, low Hb. Best Ix?

A

OGD

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19
Q

Unable to walk and not passed urine for 8 hours. PMH carcinoma of prostate with bone mets. Red flag Dx to exclude?

A

Cauda equina compression

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20
Q

Malaise and fatigue. Koilonychia but normal cardio exam. Dx?

A

Iron deficiency anaemia

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21
Q 
Abdo pain and vomitting. 
ABG: 
pH 7.23 
pCO2 low 
HCO3 low 
Glucose ++++
Next Ix to reach diagnosis?
A

Capillary ketones

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22
Q

Why is ABG not the best Ix to do with DKA?

A

VBG gives the same info and is much less painful

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23
Q

Constipation, backache and abdo pain. 4 week Hx of urinary frequency, malaise and weight loss.
Ix: high Ca, high creatinine & urea. Low PTH. Dx?

A

Multiple myeloma

24
Q

How do you differentiate between myeloma and malignancy?

A

In myeloma, ALP is NORMAL

In cancer, ALP is HIGH

25
Q

Sx of multiple myeloma?

A

CRAB

Constipation, renal, anaemia, bone

26
Q

Sx of hypercalcaemia?

A

Stones, bones, thrones, abdo moans, psychic groans,

27
Q

Causes of peripheral oedema

A

Nephrotic syndrome

Heart failure

28
Q

Causes of nephrotic syndrome?

A

Amyloidosis
DM
Myeloma light chains

29
Q

Which condition is linked to RA?

A

Amyloidosis

30
Q

Urine dip results of glomerulonephritis?

A

++ blood and ++ protein

31
Q

2 hour Hx of sudden onset arm weakness an L sided arm weakness. Cap glucose, FBC and clotting normal. Next Ix?

A

CT head

32
Q

Why is is important to check blood glucose before you thrombolyse someone with suspected stroke?

A

Hypoglycaemia is a DDx !!

33
Q

Best Ix for osteoporosis?

A

DEXA scan

34
Q

Wrist fracture in RA?

A

Colles / fragility fracture

35
Q

Severe epigastric pain. No alcohol Hx. Diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Most likely cause of his pancreatitis?

A

Gallstones

36
Q

Itchy vesicular rash on extensor surfaces of elbows/knees, diagnosed as coeliac. What is the name of the rash?

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

37
Q

Multiple neurofibromas. 8 large brown macules on torso with axillary freckling. Mode of inheritance?

A

Autosomal dominance

38
Q

Red eye. 2 weeks of swelling of fingers, painful swollen right ankle and left knee. Pain on passing urine. 2 weeks ago he had diarrhoea. Mouth ulcers, scaly brown maculopapular rash on soles of feet. Dx?

A

Reactive arthritis

39
Q

81 year old woman. 2 days of dysuria and frequency.
O/E ++ nitrates, leukocytes.
Most common causative organism?

A

E.Coli

40
Q

What is a common cause of community acquired UTI?

A

Staph saprophyticus

41
Q

PMH: UC. Has nausea and jaundice, but no abdo pain.

Raised AST, ALP, BR. Dx?

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

42
Q

6 weeks of fatigue.
PMH: CKD, DM, HTN.
O/E: conjunctival pallor.
Low Hb, normal MCV. Dx?

A

Erythropoeitin deficiency (due to CKD)

43
Q

Uni student with sore throat.

O/E: Bilateral grey exudates covering both tonsils. Splenomegaly. Dx?

A

Infectious mononucleosis

44
Q

Sx of measles?

A

Runny nose, koplik spots (grey spots on inside cheeks), fever, sore red eyes

45
Q

Asthma which is waking him at night.
Takes low dose ICS and SABA 5 times a day.
Next step of Mx?

A

Add LTRA

46
Q

Does tonsillitis cause splenomegaly?

A

No

47
Q

Sound of mitral regurg?

A

Pansystolic murmur

48
Q

Sound of mitral stenosis?

A

Mid diastolic murmur

49
Q

Sound of aortic regurg?

A

Early diastolic murmur

50
Q

ST elevation in II, II, aVF. Artery occluded?

A

R coronary artery

51
Q

Man with nocturia, weak stream, terminal dribbling. DRE shows enlarged prostate with preservation of median sulcus.
O/E: low PSA.
Next Ix?

A

Tamsulosin

52
Q

Central chest pain, relieved by leaning forward. Flu 2 weeks ago. Pericardial rub on auscultation. ECG changes?

A

Saddle ST elevation

53
Q

What is oxybutynin used for?

A

Incontinence

54
Q

How does oxybutynin work?

A

Muscarinic antagonist

55
Q

Palpitations. No p wave on ECG, with irregular pattern. Dx?

A

AF

56
Q

Wolff Parkinson White syndrome. ECG changes?

A

Short PR with slurred upstroke.

57
Q

Pain and tenderness in LIF. N&V with hard stools. Fever. Has had the pain before. Dx?

A

Diverticulitis

Lottie's DPD 2 (10 decks)

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