Formative/Buzzwords Flashcards
What is a common cause of central cord syndrome?
syringomyelia
What is syringomyelia often associated with?
arnold-chiari malformation where the cerebellar tonsils have herniated down out of foramen magnum
What does an uncal herniation commonly cause?
unreactive dilated pupil due to compression of the parasympathetics of the 3rd CN
What is the DANISH of cerebellar dysfunction?
- dysdiadochokinesis
- ataxia
- nystagmus
- intention tremor
- scanning dysarthria
- heel-shin test
Where is the primary auditory cortex?
superior temporal gyrus
Where is Broca’s area?
inferior frontal gyrus
Where is Wernicke’s area?
superior temporal gyrus/ tempero-parietal area
Where is the centre for temperature regulation?
hypothalamus
Where is the primary visual cortex?
occipital lobe
Where is the primary motor cortex?
precentral gyrus
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex?
postcentral gyrus
How do you differentiate between an upper and lower MN lesion for a 7th nerve palsy?
- UMN- forehead sparing
- LMN- forehead involvement
Thunderclap headache
subarachnoid haemorrhage
Xanthochromic lumbar puncture
subarachnoid haemorrhage
lucid period after head trauma then collapse or sudden deterioration
extradural haemorrhage
cogwheel rigidity
Parkinson’s (spasticity over rigidity)
Woody texture muscle swelling
Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy
raised CKD
muscular dystrophy
toe walker or positive gowers sign
muscular dystrophy
mask-like expression
Parkinson’s disease
fluctuating cognitive deficit
Lewy body dementia or delirium
acute onset cognitive disturbance that fluctuates
delirium
personality/behaviour changes and then dementia
frontotemporal dementia (Pick’s disease)
memory and personality problems in someone with a history of cardiovascular disease
vascular dementia
stepwise deterioration
vascular dementia
pain on loud noise
facial nerve palsy
painful third nerve palsy
aneurysm
myalgia + myositis + myoglobulinaemia/uria
rhabdo
inflammatory myopathy with poor response to steroids
inclusion body myositis
weakness + frontal balding + cataracts + ptosis
myotonic dystrophy
leg symptoms + midline shift
falcine herniation
back pain worse on coughing
slipped disc
headache worse on coughing
posterior fossa issue
BL sciatica + male sexual dysfunction
cauda equina
pleocytosis on CSF
rules out bacterial meningitis
migraine prophylaxis
1st line propranolol, topiramate or amitriptyline; 2nd line valproate, pizotifen, gabapentin, pregabalin (if one drug does not work by 3/12, try another)
injury upper brachial plexus
Erb’s palsy (waiters tip)
injury lower brachial plexus
Klumpke’s palsy (claw hand)
+ve Simmond’s test
Achilles tendon rupture
What would a lesion in Wernicke’s area cause?
receptive dysphagia
What would a lesion in Broca’s area cause?
expressive dysphagia
What is the triad of Wernicke’s encephalopathy?
- acute confusion
- ataxia
- opthalmoplegia
diplopia worse going downstairs and when reading a book
fourth nerve palsy
ptosis, diplopia (horizontal) and dilated pupil
third nerve palsy
