Formative assessment Flashcards by Thomas Ferguson

What is the name of the main effector cell in acute inflammation?

Neutrophils

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What is the name of the cells that produce collagen in fibrous scarring?

Fibroblasts

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Which of the following is an example of acute inflammation? A. Glandular fever B. Leprosy C. Appendicitis D. Tuberculosis

C. Appendicitis

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In which one of the following does granulomatous inflammation occur? A. Crohn’s disease B. Acute appendicitis C. Infectious mononucleosis D. Lobar pneumonia

Crohn’s disease

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Which one of the following is a chronic inflammatory process from its start? A. Appendicitis B. Cholecystitis C. Infectious mononucleosis D. Lobar pneumonia

c) Infectious mononucleosis

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Which one of the following is an example of hyperplasia?
a) Bodybuilder’s biceps
b) Enlarged left ventricle
c) Benign prostate enlargement
d) Wasting of quadriceps after immobilisation

c) Benign prostate enlargement

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Which one of the following is not an example of apoptosis?
a) Loss of cells from tips of duodenal villi
b) Loss of cells during embryogenesis
c) Renal infarction
d) Graft versus host disease

c) Renal infarction

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Which one of the following is an example of atrophy?
a) Biceps of a body builder
b) Uterus in pregnancy
c) Brain in dementia
d) Prostate in older age

c) Brain in dementia

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What is the pattern of differentiation of metaplastic cells lining of the bronchi of cigarette smokers?

Ciliated columnar epithelium to squamous- metaplasia

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Which one of the following is an example of necrosis?
a) Loss of cells from duodenal tips
b) Loss of individual cells in graft versus host disease
c) Loss of individual cells during development
d) Renal infarction

d) Renal infarction

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What process is defined by the formation of a solid mass of blood constituents within an intact vascular system during life?

Thrombosis

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Name a drug that inhibits platelet aggregation?

Aspirin

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Which one of the following tumours never
metastasises?
A. Malignant melanoma
B. Small cell carcinoma of the lung
C. Basal cell carcinoma of the skin
D. Breast cancer

C. Basal cell carcinoma of the skin

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What is the name of a malignant tumour
of striated muscle?

rhabdo myo sarcoma

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Which of the following tumours does not
commonly metastasise to bone?
A. Breast cancer
B. Lung cancer
C. Prostate cancer
D. Liposarcoma

D. Liposarcoma

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What term describes a cancer
that has not invaded through the
basement membrane?

Carcinoma in situ

What is the name of a benign tumour of
glandular epithelium?

Adenoma

thrombosis

solid mesh of blood constituents in an intact blood vessels

Which one of these tumours does not have a
screening programme in the UK?
A. Breast cancer
B. Colorectal cancer
C. Cervical cancer
D. Lung cancer

D. lung cancer

Which one of the following is not known to
be a carcinogen in humans?
A. Hepatitis C virus
B. Ionising radiation
C. Aromatic amines
D. Aspergillus nige

D. Aspergillus nige
Hepatitis C -> hepatocellular carcinoma
ionising radiation -> all sorts of cancer
aromatic amines -> bladder carcinoma

What is the name of a benign tumour of fat cells?

Lipoma

What is the name of a malignant tumour of glandular epithelium?

adenocarcinoma

Which one of the following is not a feature
of malignant tumours?
A. Vascular invasion
B. Metastasis
C. Increased cell division
D. Growth related to overall body growth

D. Growth related to overall body
growth

A transitional cell carcinoma of the
bladder is a malignant tumour?
A. True
B. False

A. true

A leiomyoma is a benign tumour of smooth muscle? A. True B. False

A. True

Radon gas is a cause of lung cancer? A. True B. False

A. True

Asbestos is a human carcinogen? A. True B. False

A. true Blue/brown asbestos is more hazardous that white

Which lifestyle factor is most likely to cause cancer? A. Drinking half a bottle of wine a day B. Being obese C. Running for 20 mins twice a week D. Smoking 20 cigarettes a day

C. Running for 20 mins twice a week 20 cigarettes = 26x risk of lung cancer

Which tumour has the shortest median survival? A. Basal cell carcinoma of the skin B. Malignant melanoma of the skin C. Breast cancer D. Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid

D. Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid

Ovarian cancer commonly spreads in the peritoneum A. True B. False

A. true

A 27 year old woman presents to the Accident and Emergency Department with abdominal pain. She says that it started the day before when she felt non-specifically unwell and felt pain in the middle of her abdomen. She slept rather fitfully and woke up this morning with a more severe pain that had moved to her right groin region. A diagnosis of acute appendicitis is made and her appendix is removed during a laparoscopic operation. The appendix is sent to the Department of Histopathology where it is sampled and microscopic slides are produced. The Consultant Histopathologist looks at the lumen of the appendix on a high power lens on her microscope. What is the predominant type of inflammatory cell that she sees? a. Eosinophil b. Lymphocyte c. Macrophage d. Mast cell e. Neutrophil polymorph

e. Neutrophil polymorph

A 25 year old lawyer falls on the ski slopes and after being taken off the slopes on a stretcher a radiograph shows a depressed fracture of the tibia. During an operation the depression is elevated and internally fixed and the leg is immobilised in plaster. After 6 weeks the plaster is taken off. The patient notices that the leg which had the fracture appears to be much thinner than the other leg. If a biopsy was taken (not clinically indicated in this case) from the quadriceps muscle of the affected leg what would it show? a. Atrophy b. Hyperplasia c. Hypertrophy d. Metaplasia e. Dysplasia

a. Atrophy