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Physiology 111 Embryology > Formation of the Cardiac Septa > Flashcards

Formation of the Cardiac Septa Flashcards

1
Q

The bulbus cordis will become the ______, the remaining 1/3 will form the ________. This area is now called the ___________ .

A

Primitive RV
Outflow portions of both the RV/LV
Conus cordis

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2
Q

What does the truncus arteriosus give rise to?

A

The AO and PA trunks

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3
Q

At this stage of development, the heart completely occupies the _________ , with the _______ and the ________ connected by the __________.

A

Pericardial cavity, with the Primitive LV on the left and the Bulbus cordis on the right connected by the Primary interventricular foramen.

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4
Q

What occurs to the truncoconal section due to the rapid growth of the primitive atria?

A

This causes the truncoconal section of the bulbus cordis to shift from a lateral to a more medial location.

  • The truncus arteriosus sits in the depression between the right primitive atria and the left primitive atria.
  • The conus cordis assumes an oblique position between the roof of the primitive LV and the anterolateral wall of the RA.
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5
Q

How many days does it take for all of the septa to form?

A

10 days

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6
Q

What structures are created as a result of the formation of the 7 cardiac septa?

A

4 chambers, 4 valves, a PA and AO

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7
Q

What 3 structures are formed passively via the formation of cardiac septa?

A

The septum secundum of the atria, the muscular portion of the IVS, and the Aorticopulmonary area (RVOT,LVOT)

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8
Q

What 3 structures are formed actively via the formation of cardiac septa?

A

The AV canal, the conus septum, and the truncus septum.

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9
Q

What structure is formed first passively, then actively via formation of cardiac septa?

A

The atrial septum primum. This is the 7th septum.

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10
Q

At this stage of development, the RV/LV are still just a widening of the ______ and _______ has just started.
The RV/LV are still connected by the ___________.

A

Heart tube
Trabeculation
Interventricular foramen

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11
Q

How are the borders of the interventricular foramen formed?

A

By the developing Interventricular Septum inferiorly and anteriorly, and by the bulboventricular flange superiorly and posteriorly.

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12
Q

How are the ventricles enlarged?

A

By a process of centrifugal growth of the myocardium and the process of diverticulation and the increase of trabeculation internally.

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13
Q

What happens to the trabeculation?

A

Some trabeculation will disappear. It’s reabsorbed. The remaining will later become papillary muscles, moderator band, and septal band.

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14
Q

How is the muscular IVS formed?

A

It is formed by the medial walls of the growing ventricles, as they appose (face each other) and fuse, and become trabeculated.

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15
Q

What does the trabeculation form in the RV?

A

The septal band, the moderator band, and the anterior papillary muscle.

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16
Q

What does the trabeculation form in the LV?

A

The anterolateral and posteromedial papillary muscles.

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17
Q

What purpose does the AV canal serve?

A

It is a communication between the atria and ventricles.

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18
Q

What is the AV canal going to do?

A

It is going to divide into a right and left AV orifice.

19
Q

How does the AV canal divide into a right and left orifice?

A

It divides due to the opposing masses of mesenchymal tissue called endocardial cushions. These are the superior, inferior, lateral and medial cushions.

20
Q

In order for the AV canal to divide, what must the AV canal and truncoconal area do first?

A

They must realign themselves and shift medially.

21
Q

As the chambers dilate, what does the bulboventricular flange do?

A

The bulboventricular flange will need to recede as the IVS grows and shifts so that it is now aligned with the primitive LV and the conus cordis.

22
Q

What causes the AV canal to widen to the right and to the left?

A

This is a result of the endocardial cushions growing and extending into the lumen of the AV canal and approaching each other.

23
Q

The right and left endocardial cushions develop _____. The major cushions fuse, and ____________.

A

Prominences. The division of the AV canal is complete with both R/L atrioventricular orifice.

24
Q

When the cushions fuse to form the primitive RVIF/LVIF areas, what do the endocardial cushions then do?

A

They bend and form an arc with the concave side towards the LV and the convex side towards the atria.

25
Q

When the formation of the IAS is complete, what does the septum primum do?

A

The septum primum meets the convex side of the endocardial cushions and fuses.

26
Q

What does the portion to the left of the septum primum form?

A

The anterior Mitral valve leaflet.

27
Q

During the division of the AV canal in the truncoconal area of the bulbus cordis, 2 opposing areas of tissue appear in the mid truncus called _______________.

A

Truncus swellings

28
Q

One swelling is located on the ___________ of the truncus, and the other is located on the _________ .

A

Dextrosuperior wall

Sinistroinferior wall

29
Q

The truncus swelling located on the dextrosuperior wall grows __________________ .

A

Distally and to the left

30
Q

The truncus swelling located on the sinistroinferior wall grows _________________ .

A

Distally and to the right

31
Q

As the truncus swellings of the dextrosuperior wall and of the sinistroinferior wall grow, they cause _________ .

A

Spiral septation of the truncus arteriosus.

32
Q

The formation of the truncus septum divides the truncus arteriosus into an _______ and ______ _____.

A

An aortic and pulmonary channel.

33
Q

During the septation of the _______, there are _______ in the conus cordis.

A

Truncus arteriosus

Conal swellings

34
Q

After the completion of the truncus arteriosus, the conal swellings start to _______________________ .

A

Grow toward each other and in a distal direction towards the truncal septum.

35
Q

There are 2 conal swellings. The __________ and the ____________.

A
  • The dextrodorsal swelling which is continuous with the dextrosuperior truncus swelling.
  • The sinistroventral swelling which is continuous with the sinistroinferior truncal swelling.
36
Q

What do the swellings of the truncus arteriosus and the conus cordus form?

A

They form the spiral septation which seperates them into 2 great vessels.
And they form the outflow tracks. RVOT and LVOT.

37
Q

What completes the partition of the truncus arteriosus?

A

The conal septum

38
Q

The growth of the RV causes ___________ of the AV canal so that the ___ ____ stops at the ________ .

A

A shift to the right. Dextrodorsal swelling. Superior border of the right AV orifice.

39
Q

Completion of the conus septum divides the conus into _________ .

A

An anterolateral portion and a posteromedial portion.

40
Q

What structures now form the RV?

A

The primitive RV and the anterolateral portion of the conus cordis.

41
Q

What has become continuous with and now helps to form the LV?

A

The posteromedial portion of the conus cordis and the fused AV endocardial cushions.

42
Q

With the completion of the _______ _______ , the originally large inter ventricular communication becomes smaller.

A

Conus Septum

43
Q

Final closure of the secondary inter ventricular foramen is accomplished by tissue derived mainly from the _______ _______ _______ .

A

inferior endocardial cushion

Physiology 111 Embryology (6 decks)

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