Formation of Identity Flashcards
Freud
his s=psychosexual stages of personality development are based on the tension caused by the libido. failure at any given stage leads to fixation that causes personality disorders. Freud’s phases (oral, anal, phallic [Oedipal], latent, and genital) are based on the erogenous zones that are the focus of each phase of development.
Erikson
his stages of psychosocial develpment stem from conflicts that occur throughout life (trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame and doubt, initiative vs guilt, industry vs inferiority, identity vs role confusion, intimacy vs isolation, generativity vs stagnation, integrity vs despair). these conflicts are the result of decisions we are forced to make ourselves and the environment around us at each phase of our lives
Kohlberg
His stages of moral develppment describe the approaches of individuals to resolving moral dilemmas. Kohlberg believed that we progress through six stages divided into three main phases: preconventional, conventional, postconventional
Vygotsky
he described develpment of language, culture, and skills. he proposed the idea of the zone of proximal development, which describes those skills that a child has not yet mastered and require a more knowledgeable other to accomplish
imitation and rol taking
these are common ways children learn from others. children first reproduce the behaviors of role models, and later learn to see the perspectives of others and practice taking on new roles
what does our self-concept depend on?
our reference group, or the group to which we compare ourselves. two individuals with the same qualities might see themselves differently depending on how those qualities compare to their reference group.
