Formation of African Nationalist Groups (2) Flashcards
What was the first step in the rise of African nationalism in South Africa?
The formation of the South African Native National Congress, in Bloemfontein in January 1912.
The Reverend ___ ___ was first elected as the first president of the SANNC, with a lawyer, Dr ___ ____ as treasurer and ___ ____ as secretary-general.
John Dube
Pixley ka Isaka
Sol Plaatje
What were the aims of the ANC? (3)
- Unite Africans by overcoming ethnic regional and linguistic differences
- to encourage united action to oppose discrimination and prejudice
- to win political rights for all.
What did the ANC do to oppose the 1913 Land Act?
Sent a delegation to London to protest against the Land Act, however, it wasn’t successful.
Why did the ANC send another delegation to Paris in 1919?
It sent it to Paris where the peace conference after WW1 was being held. They hoped to gain support from the British Government for self-determination for black people in South Africa-again without success.
What type of organization was the ANC?
The ANC was a moderate organization, which relied on peaceful petitions and appeals to the authorities, rather than militant action.
What type of leaders did the ANC have?
Many of the leaders were educated men who had studied at mission schools, such as Lovedale in the Eastern Cape. They included teachers, lawyers, newspaper editors, and businessmen.
Who mainly supported the ANC?
Their supporters were mainly educated, middle class, urban blacks.
What was the problem with the ANC?
They did not pay much attention to the needs of black workers and people living in rural reserves.
What other organization was formed in 1919?
The Industrial and Commercial Worker’s Union was formed in 1919 as a trade union amongst Cape Town dockworkers.
What role did the ICU play during the 1920s?
It played a leading role in organizing protests against the policies of the government, and had branches throughout Southern Africa, mainly in rural areas.
When did the ICU begin its decline?
The late 1920s.
Why was the ICU more attractive at the time than the ANC?
The ANC was seen as representing the educated urban elite rather than the masses and regarded as being too cautious in its approach.
During the __, the ANC worked with other organizations to protest further ____ laws- once more without success.
The 1930s
Segregation
What happened after the constant failure of black organizations to implement successful anti-segregation policies?
They became disillusioned with the moderate approach and began calling for a more determined form of African nationalism.
