Afrikaner Nationalism in the 1930s (6)

Question 1

In the 1930s, Afrikaner identity and Afrikaner nationalism grew ___. Afrikaners of differing occupations, ___ and areas came together to identify with each other. Together they helped to construct the idea of an Afrikaner nation united by its own special history, ___ and culture. They placed a great emphasis on history as a means of creating an ___ identity.

Answer 1

Stronger
Classes
Language
Afrikaner

Question 2

What was the Broederbond?

Answer 2

It was founded in 1918, was the driving force behind the growth of Afrikaner nationalism. It was a secret organization that wanted to end the English domination of the economy and to get an Afrikaner nationalist government into power, which would cut ties with Britain and make South Africa a republic.

Question 3

What was The Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurvereniginge (Federation of Afrikaans Cultural Organisations) ?

Answer 3

It was established by the Broederbond to support Afrikaner cultural activities. It made sure that Afrikaner cultural activities promoted nationalism.

Question 4

Who was under The Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurvereniginge’s control?

Answer 4

The Afrikaanse Taal en Kultuurvereniging. (Afrikaans Language and Cultural Organisation)

Question 5

Afrikaans cultural organizations, separate from the English versions, were established, such as the ____ (similar to Boys Scouts and Girl Guides) and _____ (similar to the Red Cross). Afrikaners preferred to use their own organizations.

Answer 5

Voortrekkers

Noodhulpliga

Question 6

What was the significance of the Afrikaans anthem, Die Stem, becoming the national anthem?

Answer 6

The rest of the country was affected.

Question 7

What was the Eeufees?

Answer 7

In 1938, the Broederbond organized a century trek to commemorate the Great Trek of 100 years before.

Question 8

Explain the intricacy of the Eeufees?

Answer 8

Afrikaners from around the country joined processions of ox-wagons journeying to Pretoria, where thousands gathered to witness the founding of the Voortrekker Monument.

Question 9

What did impact did Eeufees have an effect on Afrikaner Nationalism?

Answer 9

It gave a great boost to Afrikaner nationalism.

Question 10

What was the Ossewabrandwag? (Oxwagon Guard(

Answer 10

It was supposedly a cultural organization to maintain the spirit of the occasion, but it became increasingly political and extremist, especially during the Second Wolrd War.

Question 11

What idea of Afrikaner Nationalism was promoted by all of these organizations?

Answer 11

-Promoted the idea that white Afrikaners were a distinct volk (people), with their own language, religion, and history that needed to be promoted and defended.

Question 12

Who was part of the Afrikaans volk and who was excluded?

Answer 12

White Afrikaners of all classes, both rich and poor, were part of the volk. Afrikaans-speakers who were not white were excluded.

Question 13

What is an imagined community?

Answer 13

A nation as a socially constructed community, imagined by the people who perceive themselves as part of that group.

Question 14

How was Afrikaner nationalism an example of an imagined community?

Answer 14

There had been no natural unity amongst white Afrikaners before the 20th century. They were divided by class and political differences. However, the National Party and Afrikaner cultural and economic organizations deliberately developed the idea of white Afrikaner unity and difference from other South Africans.

Question 15

How was the idea of an imagined community stressed? (3)

Answer 15

This was stressed especially through the Afrikaans language
The Dutch Reformed Church
Political loyalty to the National Party.

Question 16

The idea of white Afrikaner unity and difference from other South Africans was evident in (4) :

Answer 16

• Education
• Labour
• Religion
• The economy

Question 17

How was the idea of white Afrikaner unity and difference from other South Africans was evident in education?

Answer 17

White Afrikaners were to be taught in their own language and with a curriculum that stressed the Dutch Reformed religion, white racial supremacy and Afrikaner nationalist versions of history. This became known as National Education. Afrikaner newspapers and publications by the Pers (Nationalist Press) also promoted these ideas among the volk.

Question 18

How was the idea of white Afrikaner unity and difference from other South Africans was evident in labor?

Answer 18

White Afrikaner workers were discouraged from belonging to class political parties such as the Labour Party, or trade unions which stressed class, rather than nationalist unity. Instead, Afrikaner trade unions, such as the Spoorbond for railway workers, were set up to protect the interests of white Afrikaner workers.

Question 19

How was the idea of white Afrikaner unity and difference from other South Africans was evident in religion?

Answer 19

White Afrikaners were discouraged from belonging to ‘foreign’ or English-dominated churches, such as the Anglican, Methodist or Catholic churches. Instead, loyal Afrikaners were expected to belong to the Dutch Reformed Church which supported the National Party.

Question 20

How was the idea of white Afrikaner unity and difference from other South Africans was evident in the economy?

Answer 20

Separate Afrikaner financial institutions were established such as Volkskas bank and Sanlam building society. This was to give Afrikaners greater opportunities in a capitalist economy dominated by English-speaking white people. The Act of Rescue fund was formed to support Afrikaner businesses. (Reddingsdaadfonds)

Question 21

These ideas of affirmative economic action and a sense of racial ___ formed the background to the policy of ____.

Answer 21

Supremacy

Apartheid