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moderns 2022 > formal question 1 Kant > Flashcards

formal question 1 Kant Flashcards

1
Q

what is epistemology?

A

the theory or study of knowledge

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2
Q

What is Kant’s most influential work?

A

the Critic of Pure Reason

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3
Q

How does Kant define enlightenment?

A

mans release from his self incurred tutelage

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4
Q

What is Kant’s definition of tutelage?

A

the inability to use ones own understanding without direction from another

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5
Q

What is a good synonym for tutelage?

A

immaturity

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6
Q

What is understanding and what can it be contracted with?

A

Understanding is our critical rational faculty (rationally think) VS sensible faculty (vision, smell, etc)

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7
Q

What is the motto of enlightenment?

A

“Think for yourself”

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8
Q

According to Kant: Are humans in tutelage because a lack of understanding (Yes or No)

A

No

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9
Q

Why does Kant say humans are not in tutelage because of a lack of understanding?

A

the faculty of understanding is given to us by nature

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10
Q

Why do we not use the faculty of understanding?

A

laziness and cowardice

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11
Q

What is Aristotle’s definition of human?

A

rationality + animal

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12
Q

What is the structure of Aristotle’s words?

A

species= genus + specific difference

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13
Q

Who are the guardians?

A

caretakers; leaders who are in positions of power and depended on

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14
Q

How do guardians maintain control?

A

psychological manipulation, fear, scare tactics

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15
Q

Definition of teleology?

A

theory or study of ends or purposes

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16
Q

What is second nature?

A

Something learned that is so engraved that it appears as primary nature; habitual

17
Q

Why is it so hard to break bad habits?

A

because it has become so mechanical and we do it without thinking because it has become reflective

18
Q

What is DOXA?

A

belief/opinion

19
Q

Is DOXA good or bad?

A

DOXA is neutral

20
Q

Why is doxa neutral?

A

because you have the ability to reflect and test for the truth, doxa is not examined yet

21
Q

According to Kant, is it easy for the individual to achieve enlightenment or society as a whole?

A

Society as a whole

22
Q

Why is it easier for society as a whole to achieve enlightenment?

A

because you need the support to break bad second nature habits

23
Q

Are guardians necessarily enlightened?

A

No

24
Q

Define Aristotle’s claims and give an example for each

A

universal: claim about all (all triangles have 3 sides)
Particular: claim about some (some tri and isosceles)
Singular: claim about one (this triangle is gray)

25
Q

Why does Kant think enlightened Guardians will disseminate enlightenment?

A

the realization that everyone can think for themselves; achieves knowledge that applies to all

26
Q

***Why must the tempo of enlightenment be slow? Why does Kant think revolution can not bring enlightenment?

A

revolution is bound to fail because it only brings about new power with a new set of guardians and another set of doxa and prejudices. Can’t be fast because we can’t break second nature and these bad habits that quick because they are too engraved and done without thinking. You still aren’t thinking for yourself or have control

27
Q

According to Kant, what are the 2 uses of reason

A

public and private

28
Q

How do the 2 uses of reason differ, which does Kant say we should restrict?

A

Kant thinks private reason should be restricted. Private reason is when you have obligations in a role/job in society that you must abide. Public reason is the expression about an opinion publicly i.e.: blog/scholarly journal

29
Q

Why should you restrict private reason?

A

People would be doing different things and create *social breakdown and chaos

30
Q

How does Kan’t think enlightenment progresses?

A
  1. nature has given us the potential to think for ourselves
  2. society begins to actualize the potential
  3. changes the principles of government to respect freedom (last to change)
31
Q

What is the fundamental Principle Empirical Epistemology?

A

All knowledge comes from experience

32
Q

What is imminence?

A

occurs within human experience

33
Q

What is transcendence?

A

outside human experience

34
Q

How does Kant use the transcendental to undercut the claims of empirical epistemology?

A

time and space are the conditions of the possibility of experience; blind to transcendentals> time and space are transcendental structures

35
Q

What does kant think we can know about reality in itself or “the thing in itself”

A

We dont have knowledge about reality in itself

36
Q

Even though Kant is Christian why does Kant want us to claim agnostic?

A

Science, reason, logic, proof are good but you cant use those to describe things outside human experience. You cant prove or disprove God. You cant have knowledge but you can have faith

moderns 2022 (4 decks)

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