Formal Logic Flashcards

1
Q

All Xs are Ys

A

X -> Y

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2
Q

Xs are all Ys

A

X -> Y

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3
Q

Every X is a Y

A

X -> Y

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4
Q

Any X must also be a Y

A

X -> Y

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5
Q

Each X is Y

A

X -> Y

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6
Q

When X happens, so does Y

A

X -> Y

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7
Q

Y happens whenever X happens

A

X -> Y

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8
Q

X happens only if Y does

A

X -> Y

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9
Q

Only Ys can be Xs

A

X -> Y

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10
Q

X depends on Y

A

X -> Y

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11
Q

X requires Y

A

X -> Y

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12
Q

X needs Y

A

X -> Y

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13
Q

X causes Y

A

X -> Y

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14
Q

X leads to Y

A

X -> Y

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15
Q

X produces effect Y

A

X -> Y

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16
Q

No X without Y

A

X -> Y

17
Q

Y goes everywhere X goes

A

X -> Y

18
Q

No X unless Y

A

X -> Y

19
Q

No X until Y

A

X -> Y

20
Q

No X except with Y

A

X -> Y

21
Q

X never happens unless Y does

A

X -> Y

22
Q

X never happens until Y does

A

X -> Y

23
Q

X never happens without Y

A

X -> Y

24
Q

X guarantees Y

A

X -> Y

25
Q

X ensures Y

A

X -> Y

26
Q

Being X confers Y

A

X -> Y

27
Q

Completing goal X requires completing step Y

A

X -> Y

28
Q

Y occurs due to X

A

X -> Y

29
Q

X is always accompanied by Y

A

X -> Y

30
Q

X is Y

A

X -> Y

31
Q

Xs are Ys

A

X -> Y

32
Q

X must be Y

A

X -> Y

33
Q

X has to be Y

A

X -> Y

34
Q

X will bring about Y

A

X -> Y

35
Q

Y will happen if X does

A

X -> Y