Formal Logic Flashcards

1
Q

All Xs are Ys

A

X -> Y

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2
Q

Xs are all Ys

A

X -> Y

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3
Q

Every X is a Y

A

X -> Y

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4
Q

Any X must also be a Y

A

X -> Y

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5
Q

Each X is Y

A

X -> Y

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6
Q

When X happens, so does Y

A

X -> Y

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7
Q

Y happens whenever X happens

A

X -> Y

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8
Q

X happens only if Y does

A

X -> Y

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9
Q

Only Ys can be Xs

A

X -> Y

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10
Q

X depends on Y

A

X -> Y

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11
Q

X requires Y

A

X -> Y

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12
Q

X needs Y

A

X -> Y

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13
Q

X causes Y

A

X -> Y

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14
Q

X leads to Y

A

X -> Y

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15
Q

X produces effect Y

A

X -> Y

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16
Q

No X without Y

17
Q

Y goes everywhere X goes

18
Q

No X unless Y

19
Q

No X until Y

20
Q

No X except with Y

21
Q

X never happens unless Y does

22
Q

X never happens until Y does

23
Q

X never happens without Y

24
Q

X guarantees Y

25
Q

X ensures Y

26
Q

Being X confers Y

27
Q

Completing goal X requires completing step Y

28
Q

Y occurs due to X

29
Q

X is always accompanied by Y

30
Q

X is Y

31
Q

Xs are Ys

32
Q

X must be Y

33
Q

X has to be Y

34
Q

X will bring about Y

35
Q

Y will happen if X does