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Lang > Formal Langauge > Flashcards

Formal Langauge Flashcards

1
Q

sytax formal features

A

Passive voice, Parallesim, fronting, listing, adverbial phrases, anaphoric reference, Antithesis, Nominalisation

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2
Q

Passive voice

A

reveals the planned/crafted nature of the text (increases formality) + can be used to obfuscate
reflects more professional tone and style
places emphasis on gramtical subject through careful manipulation of syntactical elements
By phrase also emphasis the agent
agentless to obfuscate or admit unnecessary/obvious information

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3
Q

Parallesim

A

Packages ideas cohesively/neatly/succinlty to tie-toghter/focus ideas
Package information for a powerful effect & builds momentum
mirrored structure develops cohesion
Builds a semantic thread of key ideas

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4
Q

Fronting

A

Place the audiences particular focus on/highlighgts an element of a clause
shifts the audiences attention to via the manipulation of syntax

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5
Q

Listing

A

Packages key ideas effctivley/ for a grwater impact on the reader
Segments are linked together to form a cohesive unit of ideas and semantic thread of…
Concisley clustering information for the reader to access

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6
Q

Adverbial Phrases

A

Demonstreats gravity and modifes manner
Reinforces or continues to build an idea
Provides additional infromation

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7
Q

Anaphoric reference

A

Prevents unnecessary lexical repetion which can detract from the cohesion in a text a provides clear link between prior information
Condenses the text and develops cohesion

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8
Q

Phonetic and Phonlogy Formal features

A

sound symbolism, alerteration, assonace, connsonance,onometepia, rythm and rhyme, accent
all contribute to reflecting or conjuring an emotional response from the readers and are more formal

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9
Q

Stress

A

Strengthens an author’s emotion and clearly conveys their viewpoint
accentuate/underscore/emphasise/specify

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10
Q

Elongation

A

lingers on a particular phoneme within a lexeme
draws attention/add weight to an emotional response
builds suspense

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10
Q

Elongation

A

lingers on a particular phoneme within a lexeme
draws attention/add weight to an emotional response
builds suspense

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11
Q

Alliteration

A

Creates a more memorable focus and connection between lexems
creates an element of cohesion
engaging and noteworthy for the audience (so they are more likely to recall ideas
Creatyes phonological patterning

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12
Q

Morphology and lexicology formal features

A

Jargon, lexical repetion, diectic reference, synonymy, anonymity, first person pronouns, modal verbs, elavted/low-frequency lexemes, adjectives, compound nouns, Acronyms (formal ones)

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13
Q

Jargon

A

Increases the level of fomrality and places emphasis on the serious nature of the discourse
establishes a more targeted audience by excluding those who do not recognise the jargonistic terms used
highlights the authority and official status of the text

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14
Q

Lexical repetion

A

Emphasises/reinforce a particular point
reinfroces the purposes of the dicoruse in a clear and precise manner
Draws attention to the semnatic a lexemes bears

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15
Q

Dietic reference

A

Connects actions with a specific time frame thus supporting cohesion

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16
Q

Synonymy

A

Removes any ambigutitysurronding a topic
reinforces a particular idea in a cohesive manner

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17
Q

Anonymity

A

Vivid contrat the highlights/reiterates/reassures readers

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18
Q

First person pronouns

A

Convery that individuals are working as a collective and builds a sense of solidarity (when plural)
Personalises the author and encourages audience to trust/builds rapport

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19
Q

Modal Verbs

A

Highlights importance of requirement
indcates that the reader is obligated to comply
Stresses how pivotal an action is
Indictes that although something is not a requirement, it is adviseed/reccommnded to support readers understanding
Suggests a level of certainty (proposes consequences of an action)
Definitive and expresses a matter of fact
Connects ideas

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20
Q

Low-frequency/Elavated lexemes

A

Contribute to the formailty of a text
Increases the sophistication of a text
Conveys prestige or professionalism

21
Q

Adjectives

A

Provide descriptive infromation to create a postive and appealing imagine
supports the purposes

22
Q

Sematic formal features

A

Semantic patterning

23
Q

Semantic patterning

A

creates an encouraging/positive/familiar imagery

24
Q

Discourse Features

A

Heading/formatting, consistant semantic feild

25
Q

Heading/formatting

A

assits/aid in the mavigation of the text by outlining the proceeding content (support coherence and provides navigational clues)
Provides audience with ability to locate information efficently

26
Q

Consistent Semantic feild

A

devolped through jargon
builds coherence in a text and supports/reinforces audiences overall understanding of the discoruse

27
Q

Syntatic Patterning Features

A

PAL
Parellism
Antithesis
Listing

28
Q

Antithesis

A

deliberate, carefully packaged structure helps to contrats the ideas and create a stronger sense of..
Builds cohesion

29
Q

Nominalisation

A

Can be used to remove human beings
builds sophistication
more abstract or detached from real world events
adds to density of the language

30
Q

Information Flow

A

Factors that contribute to a texts cohesions
FEC
Front Focus
End Focus
Clefting

31
Q

Marked Syntax vs Neutral Syntax

A

Neutral Synatx: Subject, Verb, Object
Marked Syntax: Unusaul in some way

32
Q

Clefting

A

It clefts and What Clefts

33
Q

It Clefts

A

Dummy Subject, Verb, Subject, Relative pronoun, clause
Eg: It was Alice who kicked that winning goal
-Emphasis the subject
-foregrounds the Information that the user wants to focus on

34
Q

What Clefts

A

What, Subject noun clause, Verb, Noun phrase (complement)
Eg: what I really want is answers
-Emphasis the subject
-foregrounds the Information that the user wants to focus on

35
Q

End Focus

A

Places the material of higher communicative value (or more grammatically complicated/heavily modified) at the end
Eg: She depended [for inspiration][on the presence] of her books]
builds up the significance books by placing at the end

36
Q

Existential sentences (End Focus)

A

There/It is used as a dummy subject
Eg: ‘there are many endangered species in Australia”
-used to reserve new information for the end of the sentence to create weight or an end focus
builds factual, authoritative, objective tone that is less open to challenge by readers

37
Q

Front Focus

A

-Fronting
-Adverbial phrases
-Dependent Clauses

38
Q

Front Focus (general fronting)

A

higlights the infromation that is gramtically moved to the beginning of the sentence
Creates a greater prominance for elements that would usually come later
Is achieved through marked syntax and functions to draw the audiences attention to a particular element

39
Q

Front Focus (adverbial phrase)

A

Eg: “Later that day his arrogance would seal his fate”
-serves to set the scene

40
Q

Front Focus (Dependent Clause)

A

Eg: “As we both know, she was never going to win”
-used to qualify the main cluase

41
Q

Front Focus Acronym

A

FIPV
-Fronting
-Inversion
-Passive voice

42
Q

Inversion

A

Eg: “Numerous are those that aim to challenge the recent statute”
-always has aux verb
-lex verb after subject
-fronts important bit to draw focus

43
Q

Semantic features

A

-Dennoation
-Connotation
-Fig Lang

44
Q

Coherence Acronym

A

FLICCc
Format
Logical order
Inference
Consistency
Conventions
cohesion

45
Q

Formatting (coherence)

A

-Headings: briefly outline proceeding content and help direct the reader
-dot points: form a structure list that more clearly sets out information
-Tables/Collums:provides clear representation of information/present info side by side to compare + contrast
-Bolding/font/itaclicesed: can help consistency something is presented or aid understanding of a point

46
Q

Formal Social Purposes

A

-maintaining and challenging positive and negative face needs
– reinforcing social distance and authority
– establishing expertise
– promoting social harmony, negotiating social taboos and building rapport
– clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating

47
Q

Dietic reference

A

The initial deictic reference of the adverb “today’ on line 1 establishes this text type in the history of {context} text types, tying it cohesively to this particular date in [month/year]. The fronted adverbial present the immediate and current nature of the address, whilst also revealing the text type was delivered live to his audience in [situational context]

48
Q

Semantic field

A

The discourse also employs many lexemes which belong to the semantic field of […]. For example, the [feature with label] on line x refers to… and the [other examples with context]. The integration and consistency of this semantic field of […] across this text reveals that the text centres primarily around [….] and also allows readers to gain a more thorough understanding of the text, building coherence.

49
Q

Pronoun repetition

A

the repetition of the [metalanguage] pronoun “X” (for example L1,44, and 32) refers to {context}

50
Q

Pronoun repetition

A

the repetition of the [metalanguage] pronoun “X” (for example L1,44, and 32) refers to {context}

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