Form B Test 2 Flashcards
What is a statement?
A sentence that is true or false
What are three types of sentences that are not statements?
questions
commands
nonsense
What is a tautology?
a statement that is true by logical structure.
Write a statement that is supported by authority.
Jesus was born in Bethlehem. (come up with your own)
Give an example of a self-contradiction:
(any answer of the form P and not P)
That person is a boy and not a boy.
Give an example of a self-report
I think camping is fun.
Give an example of a True by definition statement.
Patience is a virtue.
What are four relationships between statements?
consistency
implication
equivalence
independence
Is this statement consistent?
“My teacher wears glasses. / My teacher has poor eyesight.”
Yes
Is this statement consistent? “It snows every winter. / Some winters it does not snow.”
No
Is this statement consistent?
“You get up every morning / You could be a musician.”
Yes
Is this statement consistent?
“Some books are electronic devices. / No books are electronic devices.”
No
Does this first statement imply the second statement?
“Jack is Jill’s brother. / Jill has a brother.”
Yes
Does the first statement imply the second statement?
“Everybody loves me. / My mother loves me.”
Yes
Does the first statement imply the second statement?
“Jesus preached in Nazareth. / Jesus preached in Jerusalem.”
No
Does the first statement imply the second statement?
“No Jews are Gentiles / No Gentiles are Jews”
Yes
Are these two statements logically equivalent?
“All humans are mammals / All mammals are humans”
No
Are these two statements logically equivalent?
“Some teachers are parents. / Some parents are teachers.”
Yes
Are these two statements logically equivalent?
“No rugs are carpets. / No carpets are rugs”
Yes
Are these two statements logically equivalent?
“Tom has the measles. / Tom is ill.”
No
Are these two statements logically independent?
“It is later than 1:00 pm / It is later than 2:00 pm”
No
Are these two statements logically independent?
“Saturn is a planet. / Saturn was the Roman God of time.”
Yes
Are these two statements logically independent?
“Some siblings are twins. / Some siblings are not twins.”
No
Are these two statements logically independent?
“Jesus turned the water to wine. / Jesus performed miracles.”
No
Can two statements be related by implication and inconsistency?
No
In logic, what is a real disagreement?
Statements that cannot both be true; an actual inconsistency.
What is an apparent disagreement, and how does it differ from a verbal disagreement?
An apparent disagreement is a difference in belief or opinion, but a verbal disagreement is caused by a difference in definition.
Rewrite the statement so that it uses only the verb of being.
“I look to the sea”
I am a sea looker.
Rewrite the statement so that it uses only the verb of being.
“The angels sang to the shepherds.”
The angels were singers to the shepherds.
Rewrite the statement so that it uses only the verb of being.
“The president will take an oath.”
The president will be an oath taker
Rewrite the statement so that it uses only the verb of being.
“Some carpenters do not preach the gospel.”
Some carpenters are not gospel preachers.
