Form A Test 3 Flashcards
What is a categorical statement?
A statement that affirms or denies something about a given subject
For a statement to be in standard categorical form, it must begin with the words “all”, “no”, or “some”. What are the other two rules for writing statements in standard categorical form?
1) The verb must be a “to be” verb
2) The subject and predicate must both be nouns or noun phrases
Translate the statement into standard categorical form. Do not abbreviate:
Those who hunger for righteousness will be satisfied
All people hungry for righteousness will be satisfied people
Translate the statement into standard categorical form. Do not abbreviate:
Many men claim to have perfect love
Some men are perfect-love claimers
Translate the statement into standard categorical form. Do not abbreviate:
Nobody eats soggy wheat.
No person is a soggy-wheat eater
Translate the statement into standard categorical form. Do not abbreviate:
Most of the towers were very tall
Some towers were very tall structures
Translate the statement into standard categorical form. Do not abbreviate:
The girls all passed the test
All the girls were test passers
What is the quality of this statement:
Many men claim to have perfect love
Affirmative
What is the quantity of this statement:
Nobody eats soggy wheat
Universal
What is this type of statement:
Most of the towers were very tall
A E I O
I
What is this type of statement:
The girls all passed the test
A E I O
A
Give an example of a true universal negative statement
No dogs are birds
Give an example of a false particular affirmative statement
Some goldfish are chairs
Write the contradiction of the given statement:
“all men are sinners”
Which is the true statement - the given one, or the contradiction?
“some men are not sinners”
the contradiction is true, Jesus is a man but not a sinner.
Write the contradiction of the given statement:
“No pleasures are lawful activities”
Which is the true statement - the given one, or the contradiction?
“Some pleasures are lawful activities”
The contradiction is true, such as taking pleasure in your work
If someone is making a claim that you want to deny, which type of statement should you choose so that at least one of you is correct: the contradiction or the contrariety?
The contradiction
Consider these two inconsistent statements: “Pluto is a planet. Pluto is not a planet.” Are these statements related by contradiction or contrariety? Explain.
These statements are contradictory. One must be true, and the other false. They cannot both be false.
Give an example of subcontrary statements that are both true. Then give an example of subcontrary statements, one being true and the other false.
Both true: “some flowers are roses; some flowers are not roses.”
One true, one false: “some roses are flowers, some roses are not flowers.”
Draw a square of opposition
Identify the relationship from the square of the opposition being described. “Both statements can be true, but they cannot both be false.”
Subcontrariety
Identify the relationship from the square of the opposition being described. “If the universal statement is true, the particular must be true.”
Subimplication
Identify the relationship from the square of the opposition being described. “One of the statements must be true and the other false.”
Contradiction
Identify the relationship from the square of the opposition being described. “Both statements can be false, but they cannot both be true.”
Contrariety
Assume the first statement is true. Determine the corresponding truth value of the other statements in the set by stating True or False.
“All spirits are persons”
“Some spirits are not persons.”
False
Assume the first statement is true. Determine the corresponding truth value of the other statements in the set by stating True or False.
“All spirits are persons”
“No Spirits are persons”
False
Assume the first statement is true. Determine the corresponding truth value of the other statements in the set by stating True or False.
“All spirits are persons”
“Some spirits are persons.”
True
Assume the first statement is False. Determine the corresponding truth value of the other statements in the set by stating True or False.
“Some bards are rappers.”
“All bards are rappers”
False
Assume the first statement is False. Determine the corresponding truth value of the other statements in the set by stating True or False.
“Some bards are rappers.”
“Some bards are not rappers.”
True
Assume the first statement is False. Determine the corresponding truth value of the other statements in the set by stating True or False.
“Some bards are rappers.”
“No bards are rappers”
True
