Form 2 Scince Revision Flashcards
1
Q
What is Aerobic respiration?
A
A chemical reaction inside cells, when oxygen is used to break down glucose and release energy
2
Q
What is respiration?
A
A series of chemical reactions that take place in all living cells, where glucose releases energy
3
Q
What is the “waste” that you breath out called?
A
Carbon dioxide
4
Q
What is a respiratory system?
A
The lungs and other organs that help oxygen to enter the body and carbon dioxide to leave it
5
Q
What is gas exchange?
A
The movement of gases into and out of organisms
6
Q
What is haemoglobin?
A
The red pigment in red blood cells
7
Q
How does blood travel?
A
In a blood vessel
8
Q
What is blood’s job?
A
Blood is a fluid responsible for transportation of substances around the body.
9
Q
How is oxygen transported to each cell?
A
Oxygen is transported from from the aveoli (air sac) to each cell by medium called blood.
10
Q
What is blood plasma?
A
blood plasma is a yellowish liquid in blood that transports dissolved substances.
11
Q
What is blood plasma job?
A
To carry red and white blood cells around the body
12
Q
What happens to your diaphragm and intercostal muscles when you breath in?
A
Contracts
13
Q
What happens to diaphragm and intercoastal muscles when you breathe out?
A
Relaxes (pressure decreases)
14
Q
What are pathogens?
A
Microorganisms that can cause diseases
15
Q
What are white blood cells jobs?
A
Blood cells that help to protect against pathogens.
16
Q
What are antibodies?
A
Chemicals produced by white blood cells, which kills pathogens
17
Q
What is a solvent?
A
The liquid in which substances can dissolve.
18
Q
What is a solute?
A
The substance that dissolves in a liquid.
19
Q
What is a solution?
A
The mixture formed when a solute is mixed with a solvent.
20
Q
What are substances that are easily dissolved in a solvent called?
A
Soluble
21
Q
What are substances that do not dissolve in a solvent called?
A
Insoluble
22
Q
What is a saturated solution?
A
A solution in which no more solid will dissolve.
23
Q
What is a concentrated solution?
A
A solution in which a large mass of solute is dissolved.
24
Q
What is a dilute solution?
A
A solution in which a small mass of solute is dissolved.
25
What is solubility?
How soluble a substance is
26
What are variables?
Factors that can be changed in an investigation.
27
What is an independent variable?
The variable that you change.
28
What is a dependent variable?
The variable that you measure
29
What are control variables?
Variables that stay the same.
30
What is paper chromatography?
A technique used to separate and analyze a mixture.
31
What is chromatogram?
The result which show the separation of substances after carrying out chromatography.
32
What does permanent mean?
Something that remains and does not change.
33
What is force?
Force is a physical cause that can cause an object to change direction or shape.
34
What is a balanced force?
Equal in size, opposite in direction ( the forces are all equal meaning it’s a balanced force.)
35
What does opposite mean?
Acting against something
36
What is direction?
A line or path taken by a moving object.
37
How to find force?
Force = mass of object x acceleration of object
38
What’s an unbalanced force?
Not equal in size and opposite in direction.
39
What can a force cause an object to do?
1. Change location.
2. Slow down/accelerate.
3. Change direction.
4. Change in shape
40
What is speed?
Speed is a measure of how quickly an object is moving
41
What does m/s stand for?
Meters per second.
42
How do you measure speed?
It is measured by the distance traveled by the object per second.
43
What is the calculation of speed?
Speed= distance divided by time.
44
What is the calculation of time?
Time = distance divided by speed
45
What is the calculation of distance?
Distance = speed x time
46
How do you calculate the average speed?
Distance divided by time taken
47
How do you calculate the average speed?
Distance divided by time taken
48
What are graphs used for?
Graphs are used to describe how to variables are related.
49
What is a lever?
The object that turns.
50
What is a pivot?
The point around the lever which turns.
51
What is moment?
The turning effect of a force
52
How can you calculate moment?
Moment = force x distance
53
What is the unit for moment?
Newton meter
54
What is pressure?
The pushing effect of a force
55
What is the calculation for pressure?
Pressure = force divided by area
56
What is the unit for force?
Newton
57
What is the unit for pressure?
Newton per meter squared N/m2
58
How does pressure in a liquid increase?
With depth
59
What is diffusion?
The overall random movement of particles.
60
What is concentration?
The number of particles in a particular volume
61
What are adaptations?
Features of organisms that help them to live and reproduce in their habitats.
62
What does interact mean?
Affect one another
63
What is an environment?
Everything around an organism that affects it.
64
What does nocturnal mean?
Active at night
65
What is an ecosystem?
And network of interactions between all living organisms and nonliving things around them.
66
What is a food web?
A diagram showing many interconnected food chains.
67
What is a habitat?
A place where an organism naturally lives.
68
What is a native species?
Types of organisms that are living in their natural habitats.
69
What is eradicate mean?
Completely get rid of
70
What are invasive species?
A species that has been introduced into an ecosystem where they do not belong.
71
What is DDT?
A chemical that kills insects.
72
What is a persistent chemical?
It’s a substance that cannot be broken down by an organism.
73
What does accumulate mean?
Gradual increase in quantity
74
What is bioaccumulation?
Gradual increase of a substance in an organisms body.
75
What is biomagnification?
Increase of the concentration of a substance as you go up the food chain
76
What is biomagnification?
Increase of the concentration of a substance as you go up the food chain
77
What is an atom?
Tiny particles of matter that uniquely defines elements.
78
What are atoms made up of?
Sub-atomic particles
79
What are these sub-atomic particles called?
Proton, neutrons and electrons
80
Which subatomic particles have the most and same mass?
Protons and neutrons
81
What type of electrical charge do protons have?
Positive
82
What type of electrical charge do neutrons have?
None
83
What type of electrical charge do electrons have?
Negative
84
What is electrostatic attraction?
The force that holds individual atoms together.
85
How do you calculate purity ?
Total mass pure divided by total mass of the sample x 100
86
What is weather?
Weather is the state of the atmosphere
87
How quickly can the weather change?
In a short period of time. such as minutes, hours and days.
88
How can the weather be described?
Temperature, humidity, precipitation,, cloudiness, visibility and wind.
89
What is climate?
The weather of a place over a much longer period of time. (>30 years)
90
What are two factors that can affect climate?
Precipitation and temperature
91
What is a glacial period?
Most part of the Earth is frozen
92
What is an interglacial period?
Glaciers are present, mainly in the north and South Pole
93
What are ice ages?
Times when part of the Earth had permanent ice.
94
What is the atmosphere?
Layer of gas found above the Earth
95
What gases does the atmosphere contain?
Water vapor ,oxygen, methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and rare gases.
96
What is a reflected ray?
When a light bounces off the surface without being absorbed.
97
What is an incident ray?
A Ray coming onto a surface
98
What is a normal?
The line perpendicular to the mirror
99
What is an angle of incident?
It’s the ray reflected in between the incident Ray and the normal ray
100
What is the angle of reflection?
It’s the angle reflected between the normal ray and the reflected ray.
101
What is the law of reflection?
The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incident.
102
What is refraction?
When light changes direction because of a change in speed.
103
What is a medium?
The substance through which light travels
104
When does a ray of light go towards the normal?
When the speed of a ray of lights decreases due to passing through a moment it bends towards the normal.
105
When does ray of light go away from the normal?
When a light ray bends away from the normal due to the speed increasing.
106
Who made the discovery about light?
Isaac Newton
107
What is the spectrum?
The range of colors in a white light
108
What are the colors in a white light?
Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.
109
What is dispersion?
Splitting light into different colors.
110
What are the primary colors of light?
Red green blue
111
What are colored filters?
Remove colors from light.
112
What does absorbed mean?
When lights cannot pass through an object or be reflected from it.
113
What does non-luminous mean?
An object that does not emit its own light.
114
What is an exothermic reaction?
A reaction that releases heat
115
What are galaxies made of?
Stellar dust, gas and solar systems.
116
What are asteroids?
Rocky objects that are smaller than planets
117
What are nutrients?
Substances found in food that you need to stay healthy
118
What do carbohydrates do?
They give you energy.
119
What does protein do?
Helps create new cells for the body or helps repairs the body.
120
What do fats and oil do?
Create cell membranes.
121
What does vitamin A do?
Helps eyes work
122
What does vitamin C do?
Help skin stay, strong and keeps bones, healthy.
123
What does vitamin D do?
Keep strong bones and teeth.
124
What happens when you want to bend the arm?
The bicep contracts and the tricep relaxes
125
What happens when you want to straighten the arm?
The tricep contracts and the bicep relaxes.
126
What is the name of two muscles that work together?
Antagonistic muscles.
127
What is an exothermic reaction?
A chemical reaction in which thermal energy is given out.
128
What is an oxidation reaction?
Any reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen
129
What is an endothermic reaction?
A chemical reaction that absorbs thermal energy from their surroundings.
130
What does inert mean?
Does not react
131
What is a magnetic field?
The area around a magnet where the effect of the magnet can be detected.
132
In which direction are the poles?
North to south
133
What are magnetic field lines?
Lines drawn with arrows to show the shape and direction of a magnetic field.
134
How can you tell that one magnet is stronger than another by using magnetic field lines?
All the field lines will be closer together.
135
What does magnetized mean?
Turned into a magnet
136
What is a permanent magnet?
Magnetic objects that have a magnetic field around them all the time
137
What does demagnetized mean?
It has lost its magnetism
