Forgetting: retrieval failure Flashcards
1
Q
What are cues ?
A
These are the trigger/cues which serve as a reminder to the information
2
Q
What is retrival failure ?
A
- Forgetting due to an absence of cues.
-The memory is available but not assessable
3
Q
What is the encoding - speciality principle ?
A
- Tulving studied it
- suggested memory is the most effective when aided by cues which were present at the time of encoding or at retrieval
4
Q
What are the two types of cues ?
A
- Context dependent forgetting
- state-dependent forgetting
5
Q
What is context dependent forgetting ?
A
recall depends on external cues - weather, place environment
6
Q
What is the state-dependent forgetting ?
A
Recall depends on internal cues - mood, state
7
Q
Which two groups studied retrieval failure ?
A
- Godden and Badderley
- Carter and Cassidy
8
Q
What did Godden and Baddeley study ?
A
- deep sea divers
- learned a list of words under different circumstances
- learnt on land - recalled on land
- learnt on land - recalled underwater
- learnt underwater - recalled on land
- learnt underwater - recalled underwater
Found that when the environment was the same they recalled much better
9
Q
What did Carter and Cassidy study ?
A
- antihistamine drug given to participants
- mild sedative effects
- learnt list of words under different circumstances
- learnt on drug - recalled on drug
- learnt on drug - recalled not on drug
- learnt not on drug - recalled on the drug
- learnt not on drug - recalled not on the drug
10
Q
What are evaluation points of retrieval failure ?
A
Strength = impressive range of research that supports it
Limitation = context may effect substantially on the type of memory being tested
