Coding, capacity and duration Flashcards

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1
Q

What does coding mean ?

A

The format in which information is processed and stored

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2
Q

What is capacity ?

A

The amount of information that can be held by a memory store

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3
Q

What is duration ?

A

The length of time information can be held in memory

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4
Q

What is short-term memory ?

A
  • limited capacity memory store
  • coding is mainly acoustic
  • capacity is 5-9 items
  • duration around 18 secs
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5
Q

What is long-term memory ?

A
  • permanent memory store
  • coding is mainly semantic
  • unlimited capacity
  • stores memories for a lifetime
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6
Q

What did Baddeley study ?

A
  • He researched coding and what type of words related to each store of memory
  • he split lists of words to 4 participant groups
  • group 1: acoustically similar
  • group 2: acoustically dissimilar
  • group 3: semantically similar
  • group 4: semantically dissimilar
  • He found that short term memory works better with acoustically different words
  • he found that semantically different words were remembered better in the long-term memory store
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7
Q

What did Jacobs study ?

A
  • he studied capacity
  • was called the digit span test
  • participants asked to recall the list of digits until they got one wrong
  • mean score for numbers = 9.3
  • mean score for letters = 7.3
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8
Q

What did Miller study ?

A
  • capacity
  • the magic number was ‘7’
  • He believed that the STM capacity was 7 plus or minus 2
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9
Q

What did Peterson and Peterson study ?

A
  • duration
  • 24 student participants in 8 trials
  • had to remember a constant syllable (trigram) and a three digit number to count back from
  • the higher the retention interval the lower the correct recall response
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10
Q

What did Bahrick study ?

A

A
- 392 participants between 17 years old and 74 years old
- tested recall using year books
- these used photo recognition and free recall of names
- it was found that those within 15 years of graduating were 90% accurate
- those 48 years or older declined to 70%
- free recall was 60% after 15 yrs and 30% after 48yrs

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11
Q

What are evaluative points of coding ?

A

positive = separate memory stores
- Baddeley identified a clear difference between the two memory stores
negative = artificial stimuli
- Baddeley used a stimuli which cant be used to understand real life scenarios

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12
Q

What are evaluative points of capacity ?

A

Positive = a valid study
- Jacob’s study has been replicated before
Negative = overestimation
- Miller may have overestimated STM capacity
- Nelson Cowan said STM was more like 4 (plus or minus 1)

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13
Q

What are the evaluative points of duration ?

A

Positive = high internal validity
- Banrick had high IV
- investigated meaningful memories
- when studying meaningless memories there is lower recall rates
Negative = meaningless stimuli in STM study
- Peterson’s stimuli was artificial
- doesn’t reflect everyday life
- lacked external validity

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