Forgetting

Question 1

What is Bahrick (1984) study?

Answer 1

Spanish students memory declined massively in first few years then next 30 relatively unchanged

Question 2

What are the four reasons for forgetting?

Answer 2

Decay
Interference
Retrieval failure
Consolidation

Question 3

What is decay?

Answer 3

Memories fade over time unless they are reinforced

Question 4

What is interference?

Answer 4

New or old memories can interfere with recall

Question 5

What is retrieval failure?

Answer 5

Memories exist but they need the right cues

Question 6

What is consolidation?

Answer 6

New memories take time to become stable

Question 7

What is proactive interference?

Answer 7

Old memories make us forget new memories

Question 8

What is retroactive interference?

Answer 8

New material interferes with previous memories when we learn similar material

Question 9

How can we reduce interference?

Answer 9

Detect changes, make items more similar and add greater time gaps between lists

Question 10

What is the encoding specifity principle?

Answer 10

When same context for learning and retrieval, performance is higher (land and water)

Question 11

Who studied the encoding specificity principle?

Answer 11

Godden + Baddeley (1975)

Question 12

What is Jost’s law of consolidation?

Answer 12

The older of 2 memories of the same strength will decay more slowly

Question 13

What is Ribot’s law of consolidation?

Answer 13

Adverse effects of brain injury are greater on newly formed memories than older ones