Foreword Flashcards
1
Q
Foreword n.
A
a short introduction at the beginning of a book, usually by a person other than the author / prefácio n.
Ex.: He was asked if he would consider writing a foreword for her book.
2
Q
mend v. /mend/
A
[trans] (Br.) to repair st that has been damaged or broken so that it can be used again / corrigir, consertar, remendar v.
Ex.: Could you mend my bike for me?
3
Q
[trans] (Br.) to repair st that has been damaged or broken so that it can be used again / corrigir, consertar, remendar v.
A
mend v. /mend/
Ex.: Could you mend my bike for me?
4
Q
a short introduction at the beginning of a book, usually by a person other than the author / prefácio n.
A
Foreword n.
Ex.: He was asked if he would consider writing a foreword for her book.
5
Q
inescapable pron.
A
/ˌɪnɪˈskeɪpəbl/
6
Q
Chain n.
A
[count] a series of connected things or people n.
Ex.: mountain/island chains
Ex.2: Volunteers formed a human chain (= line of people) to rescue precious items from the burning house.
Ex.3: to set in motion a chain of events
Ex.4: Our suppliers are the weakest link in the chain.
7
Q
[count] a series of connected things or people n.
A
Chain n.
Ex.: mountain/island chains
Ex.2: Volunteers formed a human chain (= line of people) to rescue precious items from the burning house.
Ex.3: to set in motion a chain of events
Ex.4: Our suppliers are the weakest link in the chain.
8
Q
Stretch v.
A
[int] to continue over a period of time v.
Ex.: The town’s history stretches back to before 1500.
Ex.2: to stretch back years/decades/generations/centuries
Ex.3: The training stretches over a period of 16 months.
Ex.4: Endless summer days stretched out before us.
Ex.5: The talks look set to stretch into a second week.
Ex.6: The future stretched out endlessly in front of me.
9
Q
[int] to continue over a period of time v.
A
Stretch v.
Ex.: The town’s history stretches back to before 1500.
Ex.2: to stretch back years/decades/generations/centuries
Ex.3: The training stretches over a period of 16 months.
Ex.4: Endless summer days stretched out before us.
Ex.5: The talks look set to stretch into a second week.
Ex.6: The future stretched out endlessly in front of me.
10
Q
remote pron.
A
/rɪˈməʊt/
11
Q
pindown v.
A
to explain or understand st exactly v.
Ex.: The cause of the disease is difficult to pin down precisely.
Ex.2: The difference between the two approaches is hard to pin down precisely.
12
Q
to explain or understand st exactly v.
A
pindown v.
Ex.: The cause of the disease is difficult to pin down precisely.
Ex.2: The difference between the two approaches is hard to pin down precisely.
13
Q
neatness n. /ˈniːtnəs/
A
[unc] the quality of being tidy and in order or of being carefully done or arranged / pureza, limpeza, organização n.
Ex.: She has an obsession with neatness.
14
Q
[unc] the quality of being tidy and in order or of being carefully done or arranged / pureza, limpeza, organização n.
A
neatness n. /ˈniːtnəs/
Ex.: She has an obsession with neatness.
15
Q
fall away v.
A
to become gradually fewer or smaller; to disappear v.
Ex.: His supporters fell away as his popularity declined.
Ex.2: The market for their products fell away to almost nothing.
Ex.3: All our doubts fell away.
Ex.4: The houses fell away as we left the city.
16
Q
to become gradually fewer or smaller; to disappear v.
A
fall away v.
Ex.: His supporters fell away as his popularity declined.
Ex.2: The market for their products fell away to almost nothing.
Ex.3: All our doubts fell away.
Ex.4: The houses fell away as we left the city.
17
Q
Complex pron.
A
/ˈkɑːmpleks/
18
Q
cry out for v.
A
(usually used in the progressive tenses) to need st very much v.
Ex.: The company is crying out for fresh new talent.
19
Q
(usually used in the progressive tenses) to need st very much v.
A
cry out for v.
Ex.: The company is crying out for fresh new talent.
20
Q
scores n.
A
[plural] very many n.
Ex.: There were scores of boxes and crates, all waiting to be checked and loaded.
21
Q
[plural] very many n.
A
scores n.
Ex.: There were scores of boxes and crates, all waiting to be checked and loaded.
22
Q
put forward v.
A
to suggest st for discussion v.
Ex.: to put forward a suggestion
23
Q
to suggest st for discussion v.
A
put forward v.
Ex.: to put forward a suggestion
24
Q
other-worldlinessn. /ˌʌðər ˈwɜːrldlinəs/
A
[unc] the quality of being connected with spiritual thoughts and ideas rather than with ordinary life n.
25
[unc] the quality of being connected with spiritual thoughts and ideas rather than with ordinary life n.
other-worldliness n. /ˌʌðər ˈwɜːrldlinəs/
26
worldliness n. /ˈwɜːrldlinəs/
the fact of being concerned with the world in which we live rather than with spiritual things / mundanismo n.
Ex.: She became dissatisfied with the vanity and worldliness of upper-class society.
27
the fact of being concerned with the world in which we live rather than with spiritual things / mundanismo n.
worldliness n. /ˈwɜːrldlinəs/
Ex.: She became dissatisfied with the vanity and worldliness of upper-class society.
28
Christianity pron.
/ˌkrɪstiˈænəti/
29
import n. /ˈɪmpɔːrt/
[count, usually pl.] a product or service that is brought into one country from another n.
Ex.: food imports from abroad
Ex.2: cheap imports into the United States
30
[count, usually pl.] a product or service that is brought into one country from another n.
import n. /ˈɪmpɔːrt/
Ex.: food imports from abroad
Ex.2: cheap imports into the United States
31
resonance n. /ˈrezənəns/
[unc] (formal) (of sound) ressonância, repercussão, sonoridade n.
Ex.: Her voice had a strange and thrilling resonance.
32
[unc] (formal) (of sound) ressonância, repercussão, sonoridade n.
resonance n. /ˈrezənəns/
Ex.: Her voice had a strange and thrilling resonance.
33
continuity n. /ˌkɑːntɪˈnuːəti/
[unc, count] a logical connection between the parts of st, or between two things n.
Ex.: The novel fails to achieve narrative continuity.
Ex.2: There are obvious continuities between diet and health.
34
[unc, count] a logical connection between the parts of st, or between two things n.
continuity n. /ˌkɑːntɪˈnuːəti/
Ex.: The novel fails to achieve narrative continuity.
Ex.2: There are obvious continuities between diet and health.
35
Germanic pron.
/dʒɜːrˈmænɪk/
36
successor n. /səkˈsesər/
a person or thing that comes after sb/st else and takes their/its place n.
Ex.: Who's the likely successor to him as party leader?
Ex.2: Their latest release is a worthy successor to their popular debut album.
Ex.3: He chose as his successor a relative newcomer to the organization.
37
a person or thing that comes after sb/st else and takes their/its place n.
successor n. /səkˈsesər/
Ex.: Who's the likely successor to him as party leader?
Ex.2: Their latest release is a worthy successor to their popular debut album.
Ex.3: He chose as his successor a relative newcomer to the organization.
38
merit n. /ˈmerɪt/
[unc.] (formal) the quality of being good and of deserving praise or reward n.
Ex.: a work of outstanding artistic merit
Ex.2: The plan is entirely without merit.
Ex.3: I want to get the job on merit.
Ex4.: He was awarded a certificate of merit for his piano playing.
39
[unc.] (formal) the quality of being good and of deserving praise or reward n.
merit n. /ˈmerɪt/
Ex.: a work of outstanding artistic merit
Ex.2: The plan is entirely without merit.
Ex.3: I want to get the job on merit.
Ex4.: He was awarded a certificate of merit for his piano playing.
40
sole a. /səʊl/
[OBN] only; single a.
Ex.: the sole surviving member of the family
Ex2.: My sole reason for coming here was to see you.
Ex.3: This is the sole means of access to the building.
41
[OBN] only; single a.
sole a. /səʊl/
Ex.: the sole surviving member of the family
Ex2.: My sole reason for coming here was to see you.
Ex.3: This is the sole means of access to the building.
42
collapse n. /kəˈlæps/
[count, usually singular, unc] a sudden failure of st, such as an institution, a business or a course of action n.
Ex.: the collapse of the Soviet Union
Ex.2: The peace talks were on the verge of collapse.
Ex.3: a decision which will push the country a step closer to economic collapse
Ex.4: the collapse of law and order in the area
Ex.5: They thought their strategy would cause the collapse of the regime.
Ex.6: The articles they published led to the collapse of the trial.
Ex.7: The present system is on the brink of collapse.
43
[count, usually singular, unc] a sudden failure of st, such as an institution, a business or a course of action n.
collapse n. /kəˈlæps/
Ex.: the collapse of the Soviet Union
Ex.2: The peace talks were on the verge of collapse.
Ex.3: a decision which will push the country a step closer to economic collapse
Ex.4: the collapse of law and order in the area
Ex.5: They thought their strategy would cause the collapse of the regime.
Ex.6: The articles they published led to the collapse of the trial.
Ex.7: The present system is on the brink of collapse.
44
daunting a. /ˈdɔːntɪŋ/
making sb feel nervous and less confident about doing st; likely to make somebody feel this way; intimidating / assustador a.
Ex.: She has the daunting task of cooking for 20 people every day.
Ex.2: Starting a new job can be a daunting prospect.
45
making sb feel nervous and less confident about doing st; likely to make somebody feel this way; intimidating / assustador a.
daunting a. /ˈdɔːntɪŋ/
Ex.: She has the daunting task of cooking for 20 people every day.
Ex.2: Starting a new job can be a daunting prospect.
46
attempt v. /əˈtempt/
to make an effort or try to do st, esp. st difficult / tentar, esforçar-se v.
Ex.: I will attempt to answer all your questions.
Ex.2: She never attempted to explain her behaviour to her family.
Ex.3: She has been unsuccessfully attempting to find out the name of the police officer.
Ex.4: I haven't even attempted to do any of this yet.
Ex.5: Do not attempt to repair this yourself.
Ex.6: The prisoners attempted an escape, but failed.
47
to make an effort or try to do st, esp. st difficult / tentar, esforçar-se v.
attempt v. /əˈtempt/
Ex.: I will attempt to answer all your questions.
Ex.2: She never attempted to explain her behaviour to her family.
Ex.3: She has been unsuccessfully attempting to find out the name of the police officer.
Ex.4: I haven't even attempted to do any of this yet.
Ex.5: Do not attempt to repair this yourself.
Ex.6: The prisoners attempted an escape, but failed.
48
myriad a. /ˈmɪriəd/
(literary) extremely large in number / inumerável a.
Ex.: the myriad problems of modern life
49
(literary) extremely large in number / inumerável a.
myriad a. /ˈmɪriəd/
Ex.: the myriad problems of modern life
50
condense v. /kənˈdens/
[trans.] to put st such as a piece of writing into fewer words; to put a lot of information into a small space v.
Ex.: The article was condensed into just two pages.
Ex.2: The author has condensed a great deal of material into just 100 pages.
51
down to the last, smallest, final, etc. st i.
including every small part or detail of st i.
Ex.: She organized everything down to the last detail.
52
including every small part or detail of st i.
down to the last, smallest, final, etc. st i.
Ex.: She organized everything down to the last detail.
53
[trans.] to put st such as a piece of writing into fewer words; to put a lot of information into a small space v.
condense v. /kənˈdens/
Ex.: The article was condensed into just two pages.
Ex.2: The author has condensed a great deal of material into just 100 pages.
54
scope n. /skəʊp/
the range of things that a subject, an organization, an activity, etc. deals with n.
Ex.: The police are broadening the scope of their investigation.
Ex.2: Our powers are limited in scope.
Ex.3: This subject lies beyond the scope of our investigation.
Ex.4: These issues were outside the scope of the article.
55
the range of things that a subject, an organization, an activity, etc. deals with n.
scope n. /skəʊp/
Ex.: The police are broadening the scope of their investigation.
Ex.2: Our powers are limited in scope.
Ex.3: This subject lies beyond the scope of our investigation.
Ex.4: These issues were outside the scope of the article.
56
comprehensible a. /ˌkɑːmprɪˈhensəbl/
(formal) that can be understood by sb a.
Ex.: easily/readily comprehensible to the average reader
57
(formal) that can be understood by sb a.
comprehensible a. /ˌkɑːmprɪˈhensəbl/
Ex.: easily/readily comprehensible to the average reader
58
comparison n. /kəmˈpærɪsn/
[count] an occasion when two or more people or things are compared n.
Ex.: The films are too different for a fair comparison.
Ex.2: a comparison of the rail systems in Britain and France
Ex.3: a comparison of men’s salaries with those of women
Ex.4: comparisons between Britain and the rest of Europe
Ex.5: a comparison of the brain to a computer (= showing what is similar)
Ex.6: It is difficult to make a comparison with her previous book—they are completely different.
Ex.7: You can draw comparisons with the situation in Ireland (= say how the two situations are similar).
Ex.8: There is no published information that would allow a direct comparison with other regions or countries.
59
[count] an occasion when two or more people or things are compared n.
comparison n. /kəmˈpærɪsn/
Ex.: The films are too different for a fair comparison.
Ex.2: a comparison of the rail systems in Britain and France
Ex.3: a comparison of men’s salaries with those of women
Ex.4: comparisons between Britain and the rest of Europe
Ex.5: a comparison of the brain to a computer (= showing what is similar)
Ex.6: It is difficult to make a comparison with her previous book—they are completely different.
Ex.7: You can draw comparisons with the situation in Ireland (= say how the two situations are similar).
Ex.8: There is no published information that would allow a direct comparison with other regions or countries.
60
trace v. /treɪs/
to find or discover sb/st by looking carefully for them/it; track down v.
Ex.: We finally traced him to an address in Chicago.
Ex.2: I have been unable to trace the letter you mentioned.
61
to find or discover sb/st by looking carefully for them/it; track down v.
trace v. /treɪs/
Ex.: We finally traced him to an address in Chicago.
Ex.2: I have been unable to trace the letter you mentioned.
62
pace n. /peɪs/
[sing, unc] the speed at which sb/st walks, runs or moves n.
Ex.: to set off at a steady/gentle/leisurely pace
Ex.2: Congestion frequently reduces traffic to walking pace.
Ex.3: The ball gathered pace as it rolled down the hill.
Ex.4: The runners have noticeably quickened their pace.
Ex.5: Aisha slowed her pace to a walk.
63
[sing, unc] the speed at which sb/st walks, runs or moves n.
pace n. /peɪs/
Ex.: to set off at a steady/gentle/leisurely pace
Ex.2: Congestion frequently reduces traffic to walking pace.
Ex.3: The ball gathered pace as it rolled down the hill.
Ex.4: The runners have noticeably quickened their pace.
Ex.5: Aisha slowed her pace to a walk.
64
coming n. /ˈkʌmɪŋ/
[sing] the time when st new begins or sb arrives n.
Ex.: With the coming of modern technology, many jobs were lost.
65
[sing] the time when st new begins or sb arrives n.
coming n. /ˈkʌmɪŋ/
Ex.: With the coming of modern technology, many jobs were lost.
66
update n. /ˈʌpdeɪt/
a report or broadcast that gives the most recent information about st; a new version of st containing the most recent information n.
Ex.: They will send you regular updates by email.
Ex.2: a news/weather update
Ex.3: Now let's get an update on our other big story of the day.
Ex.4: The police will give an update on the progress of the investigation tomorrow.
Ex.5: The committee agreed to provide an update on the situation at the school
Ex.6: Stand by for an update from our White House correspondent.
Ex.7: We are expecting an update from the hospital this morning.
Ex.8: We will bring you more updates as soon as possible.
Ex.9: the most recent update to the software
67
a report or broadcast that gives the most recent information about st; a new version of st containing the most recent information n.
update n. /ˈʌpdeɪt/
Ex.: They will send you regular updates by email.
Ex.2: a news/weather update
Ex.3: Now let's get an update on our other big story of the day.
Ex.4: The police will give an update on the progress of the investigation tomorrow.
Ex.5: The committee agreed to provide an update on the situation at the school
Ex.6: Stand by for an update from our White House correspondent.
Ex.7: We are expecting an update from the hospital this morning.
Ex.8: We will bring you more updates as soon as possible.
Ex.9: the most recent update to the software
68
wrought v. /rɔːt/
(formal or literary) [used only in the past tense] caused st to happen, esp. a change v.
Ex.: This century wrought major changes in our society.
Ex.2: The storm wrought havoc in the south.
69
(formal or literary) [used only in the past tense] caused st to happen, esp. a change v.
wrought v. /rɔːt/
Ex.: This century wrought major changes in our society.
Ex.2: The storm wrought havoc in the south.
70
Arab n. /ˈærəb/
a person from the Middle East or North Africa, whose ancestors lived in the Arabian peninsula n.
71
a person from the Middle East or North Africa, whose ancestors lived in the Arabian peninsula n.
Arab n. /ˈærəb/
72
pose v. /pəʊz/
[trans] pose st to create a threat, problem, etc. that has to be dealt with / apresentar, provocar v.
Ex.: to pose a threat/risk/challenge/danger
Ex.2: the threat posed by terrorism
Ex.3: Obesity poses real risks to health and happiness.
Ex.4: The task poses no special problems.
Ex.5: to pose a hazard/obstacle/barrier
73
[trans] pose st to create a threat, problem, etc. that has to be dealt with / apresentar, provocar v.
pose v. /pəʊz/
Ex.: to pose a threat/risk/challenge/danger
Ex.2: the threat posed by terrorism
Ex.3: Obesity poses real risks to health and happiness.
Ex.4: The task poses no special problems.
Ex.5: to pose a hazard/obstacle/barrier
74
tide n. /taɪd/
[count, unc] a regular rise and fall in the level of the sea, caused by the pull of the moon and sun; the flow of water that happens as the sea rises and falls / maré, corrente n.
Ex.: the ebb and flow of the tide
Ex.2: The tide is in/out.
Ex.3: Is the tide coming in or going out?
Ex.4: The body was washed up on the beach by the tide.
75
[count, unc] a regular rise and fall in the level of the sea, caused by the pull of the moon and sun; the flow of water that happens as the sea rises and falls / maré, corrente n.
tide n. /taɪd/
Ex.: the ebb and flow of the tide
Ex.2: The tide is in/out.
Ex.3: Is the tide coming in or going out?
Ex.4: The body was washed up on the beach by the tide.
76
populism n. /ˈpɑːpjəlɪzəm/
[unc] a type of politics that claims to represent the opinions and wishes of ordinary people n.
77
[unc] a type of politics that claims to represent the opinions and wishes of ordinary people n.
populism n. /ˈpɑːpjəlɪzəm/
78
proper pron.
/ˈprɑːpər/
79
emerge v. /ɪˈmɜːrdʒ/
[int] to move out of or away from st and become possible to see v.
Ex.: The crabs emerge at low tide to look for food.
Ex.2: She finally emerged from her room at noon.
Ex.3: The swimmer emerged from the lake.
Ex.4: He emerged from the shadows.
Ex.5: The management team emerged from its planning meetings with ambitious goals for the year.
Ex.6: We emerged into bright sunlight.
80
[int] to move out of or away from st and become possible to see v.
emerge v. /ɪˈmɜːrdʒ/
Ex.: The crabs emerge at low tide to look for food.
Ex.2: She finally emerged from her room at noon.
Ex.3: The swimmer emerged from the lake.
Ex.4: He emerged from the shadows.
Ex.5: The management team emerged from its planning meetings with ambitious goals for the year.
Ex.6: We emerged into bright sunlight.
81
inevitably pron.
/ɪnˈevɪtəbli/
82
process pron.
Br.: /ˈprəʊses/
Am.: /ˈprɑːses/
83
as to st. i.
used when you are referring to st i.
Ex.: As to tax, that will be deducted from your salary.
Ex.2: I have a few ideas as to how we might do this.
Ex.3: There is a serious issue as to whether or not we give tutors enough guidance.
84
used when you are referring to st i.
as to st. i.
Ex.: As to tax, that will be deducted from your salary.
Ex.2: I have a few ideas as to how we might do this.
Ex.3: There is a serious issue as to whether or not we give tutors enough guidance.
85
nevertheless ad. /ˌnevərðəˈles/
despite st that you have just mentioned / contudo, ainda assim ad.
Ex.: There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it is important that we try.
Ex.2: Our defeat was expected but it is disappointing nevertheless.
Ex.3: The old system had its flaws, but nevertheless it was preferable to the new one.
86
despite st that you have just mentioned / contudo, ainda assim ad.
nevertheless ad. /ˌnevərðəˈles/
Ex.: There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it is important that we try.
Ex.2: Our defeat was expected but it is disappointing nevertheless.
Ex.3: The old system had its flaws, but nevertheless it was preferable to the new one.
87
glimpse n. /ɡlɪmps/
[usually sing] a sight of sb/st for a very short time, when you do not see the person or thing completely / vislumbre, lampejo, relance n.
Ex.: He caught a glimpse of her in the crowd.
Ex.2: I came up on deck to get my first glimpse of the island.
Ex.3: Fans crowded the street outside waiting for a glimpse of their hero.
Ex.4: I just got a glimpse at the baby, but she was very cute.
88
[usually sing] a sight of sb/st for a very short time, when you do not see the person or thing completely / vislumbre, lampejo, relance n.
glimpse n. /ɡlɪmps/
Ex.: He caught a glimpse of her in the crowd.
Ex.2: I came up on deck to get my first glimpse of the island.
Ex.3: Fans crowded the street outside waiting for a glimpse of their hero.
Ex.4: I just got a glimpse at the baby, but she was very cute.
89
infinite pron.
/ˈɪnfɪnət/
90
Store (often stores) n.
[count] a place where goods of a particular kind are kept / armazém, depósito, estoque n.
Ex.: The grain store holds several thousand tonnes.
Ex.2: The soldiers were charged with guarding the weapons stores.
91
[count] a place where goods of a particular kind are kept / armazém, depósito, estoque n.
Store (often stores) n.
Ex.: The grain store holds several thousand tonnes.
Ex.2: The soldiers were charged with guarding the weapons stores.
92
tomb n. /tuːm/
a large grave (= where a dead person is buried), esp one built of stone above or below the ground n.
Ex.: the tombs of the Pharaohs
93
a large grave (= where a dead person is buried), esp one built of stone above or below the ground n.
tomb n. /tuːm/
Ex.: the tombs of the Pharaohs
94
pharaoh n. /ˈferəʊ/
a political leader of ancient Egypt n.
95
a political leader of ancient Egypt n.
pharaoh n. /ˈferəʊ/
96
unparalleled a. /ʌnˈpærəleld/
(formal) used to emphasize that st is bigger, better or worse than anything else like it / inigualável, incomparável a.
Ex.: It was an unparalleled opportunity to develop her career.
Ex.2: The book has enjoyed a success unparalleled in recent publishing history.
97
(formal) used to emphasize that st is bigger, better or worse than anything else like it / inigualável, incomparável a.
unparalleled a. /ʌnˈpærəleld/
Ex.: It was an unparalleled opportunity to develop her career.
Ex.2: The book has enjoyed a success unparalleled in recent publishing history.
98
insight n. /ˈɪnsaɪt/
[count, unc] an understanding of what something is like / percepção, conhecimento n.
Ex.: There are many valuable insights in her book.
Ex.2: His work offers several useful insights.
Ex.3: The book gives us fascinating insights into life in Mexico.
Ex.4: I hope you have gained some insight into the difficulties we face.
Ex.5: She has some interesting insights on the principles that have guided US foreign policy.
Ex.6: The book provides important insights about the doctor-patient relationship.
99
[count, unc] an understanding of what something is like / percepção, conhecimento n.
insight n. /ˈɪnsaɪt/
Ex.: There are many valuable insights in her book.
Ex.2: His work offers several useful insights.
Ex.3: The book gives us fascinating insights into life in Mexico.
Ex.4: I hope you have gained some insight into the difficulties we face.
Ex.5: She has some interesting insights on the principles that have guided US foreign policy.
Ex.6: The book provides important insights about the doctor-patient relationship.
