Forestry Flashcards
What does FRA stand for?
Forest resource assessment
What are 4 sustainable indicators for forest?
- Ecosystems condition and productivity
- Sustaining forest management
- Maintaining ecological integrity and biodiversity
- Economic and social benefits
What is the forest role internationally?
- Carbon stock
2. Goods - food and material
Why are the 4 sustainable indicators for forest important?
They are science-based measures that provide a consistent approach to assessing, monitoring and reporting, that leads to identify change in forest management required to maintain a healthy forest
Describe 1. Ecosystems condition and productivity
- change in forest area
- natural (primary) and planted forest
- cover loss (to agriculture, and unequally distributed)
Primary forest
- big relevance to forest biological diversity
- forest remaining unmodified by human activity, grown forest (temperate 60-80 years, tropical 400-500 years)
- ecosystem function: relevant for soil and water conservation, biological diversity, oxogen, ecological systems
- 36% of all forest
Planted forest
- purpose for production or/and protection of soil and water
- if well managed get goods and services
- in wastelands and abandoned agricultural land
- increasing trend
Describe 2. Sustainable forest management
Parts:
- long term planing
- Forest management plan - an instrument used to ensure forests are managed so they are able to sustain provisional goods and services in the long run
- forest management certification - monitoring tool and ensure good management
- Forest monitoring and reporting - measures status and trends in forest. Provides up-to-date info for management and investors
Describe 3. Maintaining ecological integrity and biodiversity
Parts:
- Protection of soil, water and env services
- Conservation of biodiversity and protected areas
- Biomass and carbon stock changes - capacity to sequence carbon
- All bigger forest countries good at conserving biodiversity
- ecosystems and sociocultural services
- cropland conversion program in China - halt soil errosion, protect down-stream rivers, re-vegitate country
- compensating ppl to move from slopes, and planting trees there instead
Describe 4. Economic and social benefits
- Trends in production, multiple-use forests and wood removals
- because demand for wood for furniture, fuel, paper, industry from everyone
- Contribution of forestry to gross domestic products
- contributes to GDP with forestry and logging
- Employment in forestry
- societal economy and social welfare
- employment in rural areas where it is needed
- lots in tropical zone
- Forest ownership and management
- clear ownership and good governance lead to sustainable management of forest
What is socio-economic function of forest resources?
- Economy - employment, energy, trade
- Socio - cultural: spiritual, recreational, traditional knowledge, community, indigenous
Carbon cycle
- natural and human induced from forest
- Emissions from deforestation and forest degredation 12% of human induced emissions globaly
Key points:
- Deforestation matters
- Depending on methods - diff results
- Fossile fuel use is the real problem
Where are carbon pools and what are they good for?
- Above ground in biomass
- Below ground in biomass
- Soil
- Litter
- Deadwood
- Harvested wood production
- reduces carbon reported emissions
How is carbon stocked in Europe vs South america?
Europe: mostly in soil
South america: more in biomass
- when forest fires not good, or deforestation
Future for forests (5 things)
- Forest degradation is a problem but there are restoration opportunities
- Biofuels and forest
- Non timer/wood forest production
- leaves, berries, animals - value as well - Trees outside forests
- agricultural land, farms
- fills another function that wood, non draining, for fruit harvesting - Multifunctionality
- ex agroforestry, parkland, homegarden, watershed management
- integrate forest with agriculture and consumption
