Forestry Flashcards
Coniferous
most in Canada
Spruce, Pine , Fir , Tamarack, cedar
Softwoods - construction - put nails into it. Bend it , pulp and paper
Over 60% covers Canada
Northern Ontario / Canada -Needles
Deciduous
Hardwoods
Maple, oak, ash, hickory, birch
Furniture, hardwood floors
Southern forests - warmer climates leaves - shed every year
Methods of harvesting
Clear cut
Selective cut
Shelterwood
Clear cut
Resembles a forest fire - natural takes out all species
Most widely used - fast efficient
Cheapest method-to harvest
Expensive to replant/reseed
Selective cut
Pick certain species - maple oak etc.
Certain size -diameter
Expensive to cut - identify trees
You don’t have to replant
Shelterwood
cut a row - leave a row
Expensive to cut - get machines into small areas etc.
Cheap to regenerate - no planting required
Forest sustainability
Preserve the forests for future generations
How do we do forest sustainability
Rules / laws /regulations
Reforestation programs
Conservation preservation
Education
stakeholders
business, Indigenous consultation, people of the community - work together to manage our forests
Provinces that are leaders
BC - big trees - longer growing season
Quebec - most forested land
Least forested - The North - Nunavut - too cold - little precip. Not enough growing days.
Threats to Canadian forests
Forest fires - they are natural - they are supposed to happen
Insect infestation (Mountain pine beetle , spruce budworm, Emerald Ash Borer
Acid Precipitation - from pollution - pulp and paper mills
Diseases - Dutch elm disease
Log jams in the old days - not today
Water pollution - silt build up due to deforestation - soil erosion
FOREST (natural) vs PLANTATION (man made)
There will be no more forests - only plantations -
Forests are unique- species variety , lakes, rivers etc.
Plantation - all the same species, same age, planted in rows sometimes - can harvest in about 60 years . Usually SPRUCE TREES.
