Forest Ecosystem MOCK Exam 4 Flashcards by Brillianne Mae Ballasio

The reproductive part of a fungus that contains or bears spores.

a. sporus
b. archegonium
c. fruiting body
d. conk

c. fruiting body

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A covering, composed part or wholly of silk or other sticky fiber, spun or constructed by many larvae as a protection for the pupal stage.

a. chrysallis
b. exuvia
c. cocoon
d. ootheca

c. cocoon

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Any forest health agent designated as detrimental to effective resource management.

a. pest
b. insect
c. disease
d. injury

a. pest

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The petals of a flower.

a. crack
b. sepal
c. corolla
d. involucres

c. corolla

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A species adapted to early stages of natural forest succession or growth on newly available sites.

a. climax species
b. pioneer species
c. colonizers
d. sun-loving species

b. pioneer species

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The group of fungi directly involved in the decay of wood.

a. stain fungi
b. basidiomycetes
c. ascomycetes
d. fungi imperfectii

b. basidiomycetes

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The official common name of the species Dracontomelon edule is

a. dao
b. banuyo
c. lamio
d. amugis

c. lamio

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The first stage of seed germination:

a. emergence of hypocotyls
b. water absorption
c. enlargement of endosperm
d. breaking of testa

b. water absorption

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Which refers to flagship species?
I. Animal or plant that generate a large amount of popular interest
II. A species that is not self-nourishing and relies on immigration to survive
III. Often used in conservation to protect less charismatic species that share habitat with them

a. I & II
b. I, II & III
c. II & III
d. I & III

d. I & III

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The highest trees in an undisturbed natural dipterocarp forest are:

a. dominants
b. intermediates
c. codominants
d. emergents

d. emergents

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It refers to a running body of water.

a. lentic
b. lotic
c. flood
d. surface run-off

b. lotic

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A forest that has originated from seeds is called

a. low forest
b. coppice forest
c. high forest
d. artificial forest

c. high forest

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Good mother trees are sources of high-quality planting materials be it seeds or vegetative material. Which is NOT a characteristics of a good mother tree?

a. It has a well balanced crown
b. It is free from pests and diseases
c. It can be between young to overmature tree in terms of age
d. It should be a dominant tree

c. It can be between young to overmature tree in terms of age

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It pertains to the volume percentage of the total bulk of the soil not occupied by solid particles.

a. bulk density
b. particle density
c. porosity
d. infiltration rate

c. porosity

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The feeding relationship among the members of a community.

a. competition
b. symbiosis
c. food chain
d. niche

c. food chain

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Decomposing organic matter that is at a stage where its constituents are already indistinguishable is referred to as___.

a. duff
b. A-horizon
c. litter
d. humus

d. humus

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The spatial arrangement of the plants in the forest stand, i.e., the relative vertical position of the canopies of the tall trees, small trees, shrub, herbs, etc. is called:

a. habitat
b. structure
c. density
d. physiognomy

b. structure

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It is NOT a characteristic of monocot plants.

a. The leaf vein is netted.
b. Root system is adventitious.
c. Posseses only one cotelydon
d. Vascular bundles are scattered

a. The leaf vein is netted.

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It refers to the dry seedlike fruit produced by cereal grasses.

a. berry
b. pepo
c. capsule
d. caryopsis

d. caryopsis

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Which is not a tree or shrub?

a. Homonia riparea
b. Eragrostis cururavea
c. Psidium guajava
d. Datura alba

b. Eragrostis cururavea

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If the cross-sectional area of the stream channel where measurement of the streamflow was made is 5 sq. meter and velocity of the water current is 2 meter per second. The streamflow discharge is:

a. 500 cu.m./min.
b. 1,000 cu.m./min
c. 1,200 cu.m./min.
d. 600 cu.m./min.

a. 500 cu.m./min.

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The process of removing a ring or bark from a tree.

a. grafting
b. girdling
c. layering
d. tanning

b. girdling

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Refers to summer sleep in wildlife in order to prevent the loss of moisture from their body.

a. hibernate
b. ruminate
c.aestivate
d. proliferous

a. hibernate

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It is the zone of differentiation located below the apical meristem. To differentiate means_____.

a. to enlarge
b. to become mature
c. to become specialized for particular function
d. to increase in number or multiply

c. to become specialized for particular function

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The obnoxious plant which has invaded ranches and is causing diarrhea to livestock, particularly cattle is called: a. tanglad b. Chromolaena odorata c. Arranga pinnata d. Pennisetum sp.

b. Chromolaena odorata

A class of trees that are evergreen, have needle or scale-like foliage and conelike fruit; often called softwood. a. hardwood b. pine trees c. conifer d. temperate trees

c. conifer

Which of the following is NOT part of the vascular tissue system? a. collenchyma b. vascular cambium c. phloem d. xylem

a. collenchyma

____are plants, animals or microorganisms that is confined to a particular geographic boundary while____ are restricted to a certain geographical area. a. vulnerable-endangered species b. endemic-rare species c. endemic-uncommon species d. rare-uncommon species

b. endemic-rare species

Egg of cockroaches. a. imago b. eclosion c. ootheca d. eggpod

c. ootheca

Which of the following cause stem disease of Falcata trees? I. Corticium salmonicolor II. Uromycladiumtepperium III. Septoriaalni a. I, II & III b. II & III c. I & III d. I & II

d. I & II

A short underground stem with fleshy scales or coats. a. tuber b. bulb c. pome d. berry

b. bulb

This is a flat area with high elevation. a. valley b. plateau c. ridge d. gully

b. plateau

The home of an organism in all its dimensions, or have it fits into and makes a living in its natural ecosystem is referred to as____. a. biome b. niche c. habitat d. biosphere

b. niche

The soil that is moved by gravity is called: a. moraine b. loess c. colluvial d. alluvial

c. colluvial

The other term for complete metamorphosis. a. ametabolous b. holometabolous c. hemimetabolous d. helimetabolous

b. holometabolous

A three-needle leaf of one Philippine conifer. a. Agathis damara b. Pinus kesiya c. Pinus merkusii d. Podocarpus philipinensis

b. Pinus kesiya

A mangrove species that is the source of tan bark for tuba making. a. Ceriops tangal b. Ceriops decandra c. Rhizophora mucronata d. Bruguiera sexangula

a. Ceriops tangal

When a plant has low ability to react to the stimulus of a pathogen, it is said to be: a. immune b. susceptible c. resistant d. all of the above

b. susceptible

The enrichment of a water body with nutrients, resulting in excessive growth of phytoplankton, algae or vascular plants leading to depletion of oxygen is called___. a. red tide b. eutrophication c. water pollution d. siltation

b. eutrophication

A soil to be classified as clay, should have at least _____% of clay particles by weight. a. 20 b. 10 c. 30 d. 40

c. 30

The major conducting element in coniferous wood is called___. a. fibers b. vessels c. tracheids d. phloem

c. tracheids

In what part of the plant is the cell division most active? a. bark b. leaves c. shoot and root apex d. stem

c. shoot and root apex

Refers to either plants or animals of naturally associated environment that have determined their evolution. a. game resource b. faunal resource c. wildlife d. floral resource

c. wildlife

Material transported and deposited by wind and consisting of predominantly silt-size particles. a. debris b. loess c. delta d. sediments

b. loess

The layer of partially decomposed, organic matter underneath the litter layer of a forest floor. a. peat b. bog c. moor d. duff

d. duff

The scientific name of pagatpat is____. a. Rhizophora apiculata b. Bruguiera parviflora c. Sonneratia alba d. Avicennia alba

c. Sonneratia alba

Which of the following characterizes an autotroph substance? I. An organism that synthesizes its own food II. Its secretion has an inhibitory effect on other organisms a. I only b. II only c. I & II d. Neither I nor II

a. I only

The loss of water in liquid from droplets along the margin of the leaves is referred to as guttation. When does this happen? a. When the roots of the plants are water soaked b. When transpiration is lower than absorption c. When transpiration exceeds absorption d. When transpiration equals absorption

b. When transpiration is lower than absorption

IUCN protected area category which requires full protection for natural ecosystems in an unmodified state. a. Natural monument b. Wilderness area c. Strict Nature Reserve d. Natural Landscape

c. Strict Nature Reserve

The relative proportion of the various soil separates in a soil mass is a. soil consistency b. soil profile c. soil texture d. soil structure

c. soil texture

These are cells capable of cell division and differentiation into specialized tissue. a. parenchyma b. vascular cambium c. phellogen d. meristem

d. meristem

Ecosystems are composed of abiotic elements. What are the functions of abiotic elements? I. Involved in energy absorption II. Involved in the release of chemical substances III. Involved in forming communities a. I & II b. II & III c. I & III d. I, II & III

a. I & II

The resin obtained from pine trees especially the Benguet pine is collectively known as___. a. Manila copal b. Naval stores c. Balau d. Gutta percha

b. Naval stores

A tree which contains one or more cavities that are used by wildlife for nests for them to live and/or rear their young. a. snag b. deformed tree c. den tree d. cull tree

c. den tree

The first leaves of the embryo. a. axil b. cotelydon c. bract d. ochrea

b. cotelydon

Diameter growth occurs at the: a. phloem b. lateral meristem c. shoot apex d. apical meristem

b. lateral meristem

____ is a species of beetle. It is a serious pest of Acacia mangium. a. Leucopholis irrorata b. Agrilus sexsignatus c. Ips calligraphus d. Scolytus spp.

a. Leucopholis irrorata *A. sexsignatus- pest in eucalyptus spp. I. calligraphus- pine trees

A semipermeable membrane which regulates the passage of minerals or substances in and out of the cell. It allows only the entrance of substances that would enhance the growth of cell. a. middle lamella b. S22 layer c. plasmalemma d. S11 layer

c. plasmalemma

What is that field of study that deals NOT only with the forest community but also soil, water, and climate? a. Pathology b. Forest ecosystem c. Dendrology d. Forest soil

b. Forest ecosystem

Refers to the outward appearance of a tree from the influence of its environment. a. genotypic characteristic b. phenotypic characteristics c. cellulolytic characteristic d. mucolytic characteristic

b. phenotypic characteristics

A tree of any species possessing better or superior phenotypic characteristics than other trees of the same species. a. plus tree b. weed c. elite tree d. super tree

a. plus tree

A collective term for layers of dead tissues that are remnants of old non-conducting phloem, cortex and periderm which are shed off. a. pericarp b. cork c. rhytidome d. secondary phloem

c. rhytidome

Which of the following trees has a compound leaf? a. avocado b. mango c. tamarind d. tiesa

c. tamarind

Areas which assure the natural conditions to protect nationally significant species, group of species and biotic communities are referred to as_____. a. natural park b. national park c. wildlife sanctuary d. strict nature reserve

c. wildlife sanctuary

M. Santos was informed at his Gmelina seedlings are attacked by root rot. What control measures can you recommend to him? I. Expose seedlings to direct sunlight Expose the seedlings to partial sunshine III. Provide sufficient air circulation a. I & II b. I, II & III c. II & III d. I & III

c. II & III

When one of the two trees died because of toxic substance the other gives off, it is called a. competition b. allelopathy c. saprophytic d. parasitic

b. allelopathy

Which of the following does not belong to the family Graminae? a. Arundo donax b. Bambusa spinosa c. Calamus merrilii d. Imperata cylindrica

c. Calamus merrilii

An assemblage of organisms and the physical environment in which it exchanges energy and matter is known as____. a. habitat b. biome c. ecology d. ecosystem

d. ecosystem

This process determines the incidence, severity, and degree of damage of the pest and disease or other agents to the crop of the forest stands as a whole. a. reporting b. surveilance c. disease assessment d. disease forecast/modelling

c. disease assessment

Which of the following is different from the rest? a. blight b. spot c. mycellium d. damping off

c. mycellium

The forester in charge of plantation establishment knows that the atmospheric nitrogen cannot be used directly by the plants, so they have to look for available nitrogen. Which of the following are possible sources of nitrogen? I. mineralization of humus II. nitrogen conveyed by rain and storms III. bacteria in the root nodules a. I, II & III b. II & III c. I & III d. I & II

a. I, II & III

An example cultural method of disease control. a. quarantine b. fertilization c. isolation d. use of antagonistic organism

b. fertilization

The last of the 13 legal steps of the establishment of PA in the Philippines. a. Initial screening b. congressional action c. presidential proclamation d. demarcation

c. presidential proclamation

Order of bugs. a. Hymenoptera b. Hemiptera c. Coleoptera d. Diptera

b. Hemiptera

The upper and most weathered part of the soil. a. bedrock b. solum c. parent material d. regolith

b. solum

Which of the following is the initial symptom of canker disease caused by Corticium disolor in neem trees? a. yellowing of leaves b. branching swelling c. necrosis d. girdled branches

b. branching swelling

It is an event that occurs when discharge of stream overflows from a well-defined channel. a. landslide b. earthquake c. flood d. typhoon

c. flood

A factor that is present in an environment in such short supply that it limits growth or some other life process. a. limiting factor b. shortening factor c. compensating factor d. tolerance factor

a. limiting factor

Which of the following are macronutrients needed for plant growth and development? I. Magnesium II. Iron III. Calcium a. I, II, & III b. II, III c. I, II d. I, III

d. I, III

The law that protects the agricultural industries of the Philippines from injuries of plant pest and diseases by means of quarantine. a. RA 3027 b. RA 2730 c. PD 3341 d. PD 1433

d. PD 1433

Which is NOT a characteristic of a genotype? a. An individual hereditary constitution without phenotypic expression b. determined chiefly from performance of progeny and other relatives c. an individual hereditary constitution with phenotype expression d. character as we see it

d. character as we see it

An intermediate treatment involving the cutting of the main stem at specified height to increase the number of shoots, wood quality and value. a. pruning b. pollarding c. thinning d. refining

b. pollarding

Supporting roots arising above ground level and growing downwards and outwards into the ground. a. taproot b. fibrous roots c. buttress d. fascicled roots

c. buttress

The scientific name of almon is Shorea almon. On the other hand, the scientific name of malaanonang is Parashorea malaanonan. a. Only the first statement is true b. Only the second statement is true c. both statements are true d. both statements are false

a. Only the first statement is true

The common petiole on which the leaflet of a compound leaf is inserted is called____. a. midrib b. pulvinus c. rachis d. pinnule

c. rachis

A band of forest left relatively undisturbed so as to protect some elements of the environment, such as a streambank from erosion. a. corridor b. buffer strip c. hedgerow d. greenbelt

b. buffer strip

What combination of silvicultural prescriptions are needed for rouging in seed production areas? I. Crop trees should be released to full sunlight II. Leave all trees with good phenotypes III. Remove all trees of inferior phenotypes if there are intensive openings IV. Remove some good phenotypes co that remaining ones receive enough light a. I, II & IV b. I, II & III c. II, III & IV d. I, III & IV

d. I, III & IV

A scientist stated that the volume composistion of the representative soil in optimum condition for plant growth would approximate 50% pore space. What does this mean? a. 35% water and 15% air b. 45 % water and 5% air c. 25% water and 25% air d. 45% air and 5% water

c. 25% water and 25% air

Division of botany that deals with the study of cells. a. taxonomy b. morphology c. cytology d. anatomy

c. cytology

All except one are first order consumers. a. tiger b. deer c. goat d. cattle

a. tiger

Leaf blight is best described by which of the following symptoms? I. Spotting II. Sudden wilting III. Death of leaves, flowers or entire plant a. I, II & III b. I & II c. II & III d. I & III

a. I, II & III

Natural parks are relatively large areas not materially altered by human activity wherein extractive resource use are not allowed. Such areas are maintained to protect the outstanding natural and scenic areas of national and international significance for scientific, educational and recreational use. a. Both statements are true b. Both statements are false c. Statement 1 is true; second is false d. Statement 1 is false; second is true

a. Both statements are true

The first stage of erosion which layers of soil are imperceptibly washed away by surface flow is called: a. avalanche b. earth movement c. sheet erosion d. gully erosion

c. sheet erosion

Which of the following may lead to astonishing levels of species diversity and biological specialization? I. Competition between predator and prey II. Struggle for nutrients III. Competition between herbivores and plants a. I, II & III b. II & III c. I & III d. I & II

a. I, II & III

Deforestation contributes to global warming because it increases _____ in the atmosphere. a. nitrous oxide b. carbon dioxide c. methane d. chlorofluorocarbons

b. carbon dioxide

Which of the following trees under the family Anacardiaceae has edible leaves? a. Ligas or Semecarpus cuneiformis b. Libas or Spondias pinnata c. Lamio or Dracontamelon edule d. Kasoy or Anacardium occidentale

b. Libas or Spondias pinnata

____ is the major environmental factor which affects chlorophyll formation aside from temperature and water. a. nitrogen b. wind c. oxygen d. light

d. light

What is the upper limit of the water holding capacity of the soil? a. maximum tolerance b. saturation point c. field capacity d. field penetration capacity

c. field capacity

This type of forest is generally found in a humid warm region characterized by a considerable number of evergreen hardwoods, with many lianas and epiphytes. a. mossy forest b. high forest c. rain forest d. dipterocarp forest

c. rain forest

Species which exist only in one or a few restricted geographic areas or habitats or occur in low numbers over a relatively broad area. a. vulnerable b. endangered c. rare species d. threatened

c. rare species

It is known Asia as "King of Fruits". a. nangka b. avocado c. mango d. durian

d. durian

It allows living together of two or more organisms, benefitting one, harming one. a. ecosystem effect b. parasitism c. commensalism d. biotic relationship

c. commensalism

A poisonous weed common in pasture lands is hagonoy or "bungarngar/malasili." Its scientific name is: a. Cassia tora b. Chromolaena odorata c. Agathis alba d. Sonchus oleraceus

b. Chromolaena odorata

It refers to the collective term for the corolla and calyx. a. flower b. perianth c. sepal d. stamen

b. perianth

Used to describe insects, fish, and reptiles that reproduce by means of eggs that develop within the female, deriving some nutrition from her but remaining encased within an egg membrane. a. ovoviparous b. oviparous c. viviparous d. phosphorus

b. oviparous

Which of the following statements does NOT comply with the International Code of Botanic Nomenclature? a. A plant could have but one valid scientific name b. The name should be the latest usable one c. Two different species or two different genera could not bear the same name d. The generic and specific combinations should be succeeded by the names of the authors

b. The name should be the latest usable one

Gall rust generally attacks Mollucan sau. Leaf spot usually attacks Kaatoan bangkal. a. All statements are true b. All statements are false c. Statement 1 is true; second is false d. Statement 1 is false; second is true

a. All statements are true

RA 7586 mandates the establishment of the PAMB. Which of the following functions of the PAMB are embodied in the NIPAS law? I. Plans for and administers the PA II. Delineates boundaries III. Conducts researches a. I & II b. I & III c. I, II & III d. II & III

c. I, II & III

A technique/principle referring to the reduction in terms of the severity of the disease in infected crop plants or plant products by chemical or physical method? a. eradication b. therapy c. avoidance of pathogen d. development of plants resistance to disease

b. therapy

It is a unit of vegetation which includes not only the plants and animals therein but also all the physical and chemical components of the immediate environment or habitat. a. bioregion b. ecosystem c. ecology d. ecotourism area

b. ecosystem

What environmental factor triggers the influx of potassium ions into the guard cells that causes the opening of stomata? a. temperature b. wind c. light d. water

c. light

It is the study of algae a. physiology b. bacteriology c. mycology d. phycology

d. phycology

The process of photosynthesis in plants achieve its highest rate of affectivity when: a. the leaves attain full size b. the leaves are old c. the leaves are young d. all of the above

a. the leaves attain full size

Expression of disturbed or abnormal physiology of the host plant. a. symptom b. sign c. fruiting body d. disease indicator

a. symptom

Another appropriate name for multiple use: a. single use b. land use c. dominant use d. harmonized use

d. harmonized use

Any technique that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use. a. genetic engineering b. biotechnology c. invention d. intellectual property rights

b. biotechnology

Passive absorption mechanism requires that the plants spend energy to rise up water. An example of passive absorption is water and nutrients entering the roots by diffusion. a. Only the first statement is true b. Only the second statement is true c. Both statements are true d. Both statements are false

a. Only the first statement is true

In many grasses, ____ is a short membranous projection on the inner side of the leaf blade at the junction where the leaf blade and the leaf sheath meet. a. panicle b. petiole c. ligule d. stipule

c. ligule

What is that product arising as a result of the genotypical response of a population to a definite habitat? a. phenotype b. ecotype c. genotype d. migrants

b. ecotype

The overhead branches and leaves of the vegetation a. foliage b. biomass c. canopy d. crown

c. canopy

Invasive species are species which have the ability to become established in natural or semi-natural environments or communities and cause an ecological imbalance. Which of the following groups is not among the invasive species in the Philippines as reported in ASEAN Biodiversity Magazine? a. golden apple snail, Thai catfish, American bullfrog b. water hyacinth, morning glory, Mimosa pudica c. tubang bakod, kamagong, native kuhol d. hagonoy, large leaf lantana, cogon

c. tubang bakod, kamagong, native kuhol

Conversion of nitrate or nitrite to oxygen gas by bacteria in the soil. a. nitrification b. denitrification c. ammonification d. nitrogen simplification

b. denitrification

Which of the following hormones is known to inhibit flowering in plants? a. Florigen b. abcissic acid d. giberellin c. auxin

b. abcissic acid

The branch of ecology that deals with the study of a single organism. a. synecology b. succession c. autecology d. none of the above

c. autecology

Which of the following are preventive measures in regulating damping off disease? I. Place seedlings in more than 50% shade II. Avoid overcrowding of seedlings III. Use dried lead mold/litters of organic matter a. I & II b. II & III c. I & III d. I, II & III

b. II & III

A fertilizer of 90-50-30 means that 90 kg of what fertilizer element is needed for one hectare? a. PO5 b. carbon c. K20 d. nitrogen

d. nitrogen

Which of the following is correct? a. There are more soil microorganism in non-forest soils than in forest soil b. Generally, fertility is low in forest soils than in non-forest soils c. Forest cover forms forest soils d. Non-forest soils contains more organic matter than forest soils

c. Forest cover forms forest soils

A silvicultural treatment that aims to free a stand below the sapling stage from competing unwanted plant species that threaten to suppress them. a. thinning b. sanitation cutting c. release cutting d. improvement cutting

c. release cutting

Which statements are true? I. sandy soil contains silt and clay which are less than 10% of the material by weight II. clay soil contains at least 10% clay particles by weight a. Neither I nor II b. II & III c. I only d. II only

a. Neither I nor II * I. 10 %- should be 15% II. 10%- should be 30%