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Psychology (elective) > Forensic Psychology Test > Flashcards

Forensic Psychology Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Forensic Psychology

A

An area of psychology which combines an understanding of the legal system and how people interact with the legal system.

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2
Q

Genocide

A

A mass killing of a particular group of people (nation, race or religion), E.g. European Jews in the Second World War.

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3
Q

Eye witness testimonies

A

The details obtained from an eyewitness present at the scene of an accident or crime.

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4
Q

False memories

A

An apparent recollection of an event which did not actually occur.

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5
Q

Autopsy

A

a post-mortem examination to discover the cause of death or the extent of disease.

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6
Q

Serial Killers

A

A person who has committed three or more separate murders in separate locations, often with a ‘cooling off’ period in between each killing.

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7
Q

Reconstructive memory

A

We we recall an event, we are reconstructing the event in our minds. Reconstructive memory may be shaped by our own beliefs and prejudices.

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8
Q

Criminal Profiles

A

is it an investigation tool that is intended to help investigators to accurately predict and profile characteristics of an unknown criminal.

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9
Q

Psychotic

A

An abnormal condition of the mind; a generic psychiatric term for a mental state often described as involving a ‘loss of contact with reality’.

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10
Q

Retrieval cues

A

they are stimuli that assist our recall of memories. e.g. photos

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11
Q

Dysfunctional

A

not operating normally or properly.

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12
Q

Traits

A

a distinguishing quality or characteristic , typically one belonging to a person.

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13
Q

Mass murderer

A

A person who kills many people in a single event or very short period of time.

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14
Q

Context dependent memory

A

The retrieval of memories can also be context-dependent. We are unable to recall them unless we have the right context or situation.

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15
Q

Stalking

A

Repeated and persistent harassment where a person imposes on another person with unwanted communications and contact.
E.g. messages, letters, cyber stalking, following, email, phone calls, watching/spying.

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16
Q

Weapon focus

A

The presence of a weapon in a situation has been shown to influence the memory of the event. Our focus goes to the weapon instead of the situation.

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17
Q

Rehabilitation

A

Therapy aimed at improving a person’s functioning for everyday life.

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18
Q

Profilers

A

The act or process of finding information about a person based on their known traits or tenancies.

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19
Q

Psychopath

A

A person who suffers from psychopathy. They tend to be impulsive and reckless, and show little remorse or guilt for antisocial behaviours.

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20
Q

What are the four types of serial killers?

A
  1. Visionary
  2. Mission orientated
  3. Hedonistic
  4. Power/ control- orientated
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21
Q

Visionary serial killer

A

The killer believes that the visions or voices guide their actions.

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22
Q

Mission-orientated serial killer

A

The killer believes that they have to remove a certain group from society.

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23
Q

Hedonistic serial killer

A

The killer derives pleasure or gain from the killing.

24
Q

Power/control-orientated

A

The killer gains sexual satisfaction from controlling others.

25
Q

What are the three stages of memory?

A
  1. Encoding
  2. Storage
  3. Retrieval
26
Q

Encoding

A

Information must first be converted into a form that our brain can understand.

27
Q

Storage

A

The information we encode is stored into our memory.

28
Q

Retrieval

A

The process of recalling information to use.

29
Q

Organised killer

A

They have a:

  • carefully selected location
  • the victim is carefully selected
  • the location is isolated and not easily observed.
  • planned
30
Q

Disorganised killer

A
  • lacks confidence
  • lacks control
  • lower than average intelligence
  • low self- esteem
  • Victim chosen randomly
31
Q

What are different types of stalkers?

A
  1. the rejected stalker
  2. the intimacy seeker
  3. the incompetent stalker
  4. the resentful stalker
  5. The predatory stalker
32
Q

The rejected stalker

A

This is a stalkers who has once known the victim. They are often a previous boyfriend/girlfriend/sexual partner or a close friend pr family member. The stalker may want revenge.

33
Q

The intimacy stalker

A

This is a stalker who admires the victim and wants to have a relationship with them.

34
Q

The incompetent stalker

A

Like the intimacy seeker, the stalker is looking for a relationship with the victim. However, the incompetent stalker is seeking a date and contact with the victim.

35
Q

The resentful stalker

A

The stalkers main aim is to scare the victim. The stalker sees themselves as the victim.

36
Q

The predatory stalker

A

This stalker stalks as part of a ‘plan’, with the intent of assaulting the victim. Predatory stalkers tend to have prior sex convictions.

37
Q

What is a crime scene analysis?

A

A method of profiling created by the FBI in the US during the 1990’s, which involves six chronological steps.

38
Q

What are the 6 steps for a crime scene analysis?

A
  1. Profiling inputs
  2. Decision process models
  3. Crime assessments
  4. Criminal profile
  5. The investigation
  6. Apprehension
39
Q

Profiling inputs

A

It involves collecting, arranging and assessing all evidence relating to the case. This includes everything found on the scene (eg. fibres, paint chips)

40
Q

Decision process models

A

The evidence (profiling inputs) is now analysed to establish the basic facts of the crimes and whether there are patterns.

41
Q

Crime assessments

A

Once the evidence has been organised, the crime scene is reconstructed. Investigators use patterns to determine what happened in what order.

42
Q

Criminal profile

A

The first three are used to create a criminal profile incorporating the motives, physical qualities, behaviour and personality of the criminal.

43
Q

What is the role of the forensic psychologist in the criminal system.

A
  • Many forensic psychologists work in prisons.
  • They profile offenders
  • identify future dangerousness of criminals
  • insanity defenses
  • working with the police, including work-related trauma
  • jury decision making
  • human memory, e.g eyewitness testimony.
44
Q

What is the psychopathological triad? (3)

A
  1. Enuresis (bedwetting)
  2. Pyromania (fire starting)
  3. Precocious sadism (childhood delight in torturing animals).
45
Q

The investigation

A

The profile is given to investigators and to organisations that may have data leading to the identification of a suspect.

46
Q

Apprehension

A

If a suspect is identified, he or she is interviewed, investigated and compared the the profile.

47
Q

What are the 4 dimensions of psychopathy?

A
  1. Interpersonal
  2. Affective
  3. Lifestyle
  4. Antisocial
48
Q

Interpersonal

A

A person’s ability to relate to and connect with other people.

49
Q

Affective

A

Relates to an emotional state. An ‘affect’ is another way of describing an emotion

50
Q

Lifestyle

A

How a person usually behaves, their way of living.

51
Q

Antisocial

A

Voluntary behaviour which breaks social norms and has no benefit to others, or shows disregard for others.

52
Q

What is a police line up?

A

Police commonly use line-ups for eyewitnesses to identify a suspect. They eyewitness has to identify the suspect from photos.

53
Q

What is an identikit?

A

An identikit is a picture of a person that has been reconstructed from typical facial features according to the eyewitness.

54
Q

What are the limitations of a police line up?

A

The police line-ups have to be fair otherwise the from suspect could be accused. There have to suspects that look like the description but all are innocent but one. If there are people included who do not resemble the suspect, the line-up will be biased towards the suspect.

55
Q

What are misleading questions?

A

The eyewitness may be put off track just by misleading questions. Information given to an eyewitness may also lead to an inaccurate reconstruction of memory. E.g. the wording used (smashed, bumped, collided)

Psychology (elective) (4 decks)

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