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Psychology 10 > Forensic Psychology > Flashcards

Forensic Psychology Flashcards

How criminals think and are

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1
Q

What is crime?

A

An action or omission which constitutes an offense and is punishable by law.

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2
Q

Biological Theory

A

A theory proposing that criminals are predetermined through their DNA, suggesting differences in brain structure and function.

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3
Q

Pre-frontal Cortex

A

Brain region responsible for higher-level mental functions; often cited in biological theory as underdeveloped in criminals.

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4
Q

Limbic System

A

Brain region responsible for emotions and motivations; found to be more active in criminals according to biological theory.

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5
Q

Environmental Theory

A

Theory suggesting that individuals become criminals due to their upbringing and environment, including factors like poverty and crime-ridden neighborhoods.

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6
Q

Criticism of Biological Theory

A

Pointing out diversity in crimes and the lack of a single gene responsible for criminal behavior

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7
Q

Stalking

A

Persistent attempts to impose unwanted communications or contact, causing fear or distress.

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8
Q

Criminality of Stalking

A

In all Australian states and territories, stalking is a crime. In Victoria, punishment includes up to 10 years in prison and covers cyber stalking.

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9
Q

Rejected Stalker

A

Experienced a breakup; refuses to accept the end of the relationship.

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10
Q

Erotomanic Stalker

A

Suffers from erotomania; believes someone is in love with them.

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11
Q

Intimacy-Seeker Stalker

A

Inappropriately tries to establish a relationship; sees punishment as the price for love.

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12
Q

Predatory Stalker

A

Seeks sexual gratification and control; rarely approaches victim openly.

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13
Q

Incompetent Suitor Stalker

A

Lacks social skills; uses inappropriate methods to maintain contact.

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14
Q

Resentful Stalker

A

Obsessed with victim over a real or imagined insult; stalks to “get even.”

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15
Q

Psychological Impacts of Stalking (3)

A

Powerlessness, severe stress, anxiety, nightmares, guilt, anger, social isolation.

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16
Q

Lifestyle Impacts of Stalking (3)

A

Moving houses, avoiding places, reducing social outings, changing employment, adopting security measures.

17
Q

Physical Impacts of Stalking (3)

A

Severe sleep disturbance, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, worsening medical conditions.

18
Q

Criminal Profiling

A

Technique to aid in identifying and apprehending criminal offenders. Useful for repeated crimes or serial offenders.

19
Q

Offender Signature

A

Pattern of distinctive behaviors reflecting emotional and psychological needs. Includes signature aspect and signature behavior.

20
Q

Behavioral Evidence Analysis (BEA) Steps

A
  1. Analyze equivocal forensic evidence.
  2. Analyze the victim’s characteristics.
  3. Analyze the crime scene characteristics.
  4. Develop a criminal profile.
  5. Apprehension.
21
Q

Serial Killer

A

Killed on at least three occasions with an emotional cooling-off period between murders.

22
Q

Visionary Serial Killer

A

Driven by voices or visions.

23
Q

Mission-Oriented Serial Killer

A

Kills to eliminate a specific sub-population.

24
Q

Hedonistic Serial Killer

A

Kills for pleasure or personal status enhancement.

25
Q

Power/Control Serial Killer

A

Kills for pleasure of control and dominance.

26
Q

Mass Murderer

A

Kills four or more victims in one location during a single incident.

27
Q

Spree Killer

A

Murders at two or more locations within a short period.

28
Q

Expert Witness

A

Provides professional opinion on matters outside ordinary experience.

29
Q

Eye Witness

A

Provides observations about the crime but cannot offer opinions.

30
Q

Actus Reus

A

The physical act of committing a crime.

31
Q

Mens Rea

A

The mental intention to commit a crime.

32
Q

Dangerousness

A

Likelihood of committing a serious act of violence with little provocation.

33
Q

Assessment of Dangerousness

A

Structural Clinical Judgement (SCJ) involves professional training, interviewing skills, and risk assessment instruments.

34
Q

Psychopathy

A

Lack of emotion and conscience; diagnosis is antisocial personality disorder.

35
Q

Stages of Memory

A
  1. Encoding: Information is gathered and converted.
  2. Storage: Information is stored in short-term or long-term memory.
  3. Retrieval: Recalling stored information.
36
Q

Problems in Memory Stages

A
  1. Encoding: Distraction leads to inaccurate descriptions.
  2. Retrieval: Forgetting due to decay, suppression, or lack of cues.

Psychology 10 (3 decks)

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