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Psychology paper 3 > Forensic psychology > Flashcards

Forensic psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Outline the psychodynamic explanations for offending behaviour (3)

A
  1. Weak superego formed from lack of identification with the same sex-parent in the phallic stage (no resolution of Oedipus/Electra complex)
  2. Deviant superego can form if the child has parents who view criminal behaviour as acceptable
  3. Over harsh superego craves punishment
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2
Q

Name the 3 cognitive explanations to offending behaviour

A
  • Hostile attribution bias
  • Minimisation
  • Differential association theory
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3
Q

What are the 4 ways for dealing with behaviour?

A
  1. Custodial sentencing
  2. Behaviour modification (token economy)
  3. Anger management
  4. Restorative justice
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4
Q

What are the 3 stages of anger management?

A
  1. Cognitive preparation
  2. Skills aquisition
  3. Application
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5
Q

Hobbs and Holt (1976) - token economy study

A
  • 125 male delinquents
  • Significant increase in desirable behaviours across 3 cottages
  • No change in control cottage
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6
Q

Outline the top-down approach to offender profiling (3)

A
  • Profile created for the offender based on crime scene evidence
  • Created by placing offenders in pre-existing categories (organised/disorganised)
  • This is used to narrow down suspects
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7
Q

Snook (2007) - usefulness of profiling

A

Vast majority of Canadian major crime officers agreed profiling helps solving cases

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8
Q

Canter (2004) - counterpoint to top-down profiling (2)

A
  • Reviewed 100 US serial killers
  • Found false dichotomy in terms of ‘disorganised’ failing to be distinct
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9
Q

3 evaluation points for the top-down approach

A
  • Snook 2007 - police find it useful
  • Cant account for abnormal offenders
  • Technique never used in isolation, difficult to determine effectiveness
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10
Q

Think investigative psychology and geographical profiling

Outline the bottom-up approach to offender profiling (2)

A
  • Uses investigative psychology which is the use of statistical techniques to produce likely characteristics of the offender
  • Interpersonal coherence, forensic awareness, etc are recorded
  • Geographical profiling to predict the home base of the offender by heat mapping using previous crime locations
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11
Q

Describe atavistic characteristics

A
  • Long ears, gangly limbs, extra toes etc
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12
Q

What are 3 evaluation points for atavistic theory?

A
  • Forerunner of scientific explanations
  • Racial bias
  • Lack of causal relationship
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13
Q

Outline the genetic explanation for offending behaviour

A
  • Inheriting of specific genes can lead to a predisposition to offending behaviour
  • Genes include the MAOA and CDH13
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14
Q

Raine 1993 - concordance of twin studies

A
  • Found 52% concordance for deliquent behaviours in MZ teens
  • 21% for DZ twins
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15
Q

Outline the 3 neural explanations for offending behaviour (3)

A
  • Reduced limbic system activity
  • Low levels of serotonin/dopamine
  • Brain damage
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16
Q

Raine (2000) - frontal lobe volume study

A
  • 11% smaller frontal lobe in people with antisocial personality disorders
17
Q

What are the 3 biological explanations for crime?

A
  • Atavistic form
  • Genetic (MAOA/CDH13)
  • Neural (low serotonin/damage/limbic activity)
18
Q

Think E N P

Outline Eysencks theory

A
  • Extraversion: those who are outgoing enjoy risk and danger as the NS is under-aroused
  • Neuroticism: High N can lead to instability and reactivity
  • Psychoticism: High P indicates aggressiveness and lack of empathy
19
Q

What are 3 negative evaluations of the EPI?

A
  • Cultural bias (hispanic convicts are less extravert)
  • Reductionist view of personality
  • Self-report = demand characteristics
20
Q

Outline Kohlberg’s level of moral reasoning

A
  • Most violent offenders fall under the pre-conventional level of reasoning
  • Offending behaviour occurs if they perceive they can get away with the crime/be rewarded
21
Q

What are the 6 psychological explanations for crime?

A
  • Eysenck’s theory
  • Hostile attribution/minimisation
  • Differential association
  • Psychodynamic explanations
  • Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning
  • Bowlby’s maternal deprivation theory
22
Q

4 evaulation points for the psycholgical explanations for crime

A
  • EPI based on self report
  • Differential association cant account for implusive crimes
  • Attribution/minimisation has CBT RWA
  • Bowlby’s 44 thieves study

Psychology paper 3 (4 decks)

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