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Forensic Law Final Flashcards

1
Q

Investigative Interview

A

any questioning that is intended to produce information regarding a particular crime or suspect

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2
Q

Investigative Interview Goal

A

develop information to move the investigation froward

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3
Q

Primary Witness

A

witness with direct knowledge of a crime or suspect

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4
Q

Secondary Witness

A

witness that have information about related events before or after the crime

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5
Q

A Forensic Sketch or Composite Software

A

can be created through a witness’ description and creates picture of the suspect

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6
Q

Mug Shot Books

A

contain photographs of previously arrested or detained individuals matching the witness’ description

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7
Q

How fast does the human blood cool

A

1-1.5 degrees per hour

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8
Q

Show Up Indentification

A

involve bringing the suspect to the witness for identification

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9
Q

Photo Line-Up or Photo Array

A

picture of the suspect is viewed in addition to other similar looking individuals for the witness to identify the perp.

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10
Q

Line-Up

A

involve a witness viewing the suspect and other similar looking individuals in a controlled setting for identification

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11
Q

Memory Process for Identification (ESR)

A

Encode (event is perceived)
Storage (filling of information)
Retrieval (mental record is activated and recollected)

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12
Q

Guidelines for Line-up

A
  1. person conducting interview should not know who the suspect is
  2. eyewitness should be told that the perp. might not be in the line-up
  3. suspect should blend in with the other suspects
  4. clear statement regarding the confidences of the eyewitness identification (how sure are you)
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13
Q

Hypnosis

A

altered state of consciousness

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14
Q

Approaches of Hypnosis

A

Free recall
Structured recall
Recognition

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15
Q

Cognitive Interviewing

A

encourages the witness to reinstate the context of the observed event

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16
Q

Problems with Police Interviewing

A

Frequent interruptions by the interviewers

Asked too many short-answer, close-ended questions

Inappropriate, arbitrary, or rigid sequencing of questions

Interviewers sometimes use negative phrasing of questions

Use of non-neutral questions

Use of inappropriate or too formal language

Questions are asked rapidly

Judgmental or insensitive comments may be used

Failure to follow-up on potential
leads provided by the witness

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17
Q

Ultimate Goal of an Interrogation

A

Confession

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18
Q

Example of Interviewing Themes

A

Minimize seriousness of crime
Blame the victim
Decrease shamefulness of act
Increase guilty feelings
Appeal to suspect’s hope for positive outcome

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19
Q

Emotional vs. Nonemotional

A

Emotional offenders experience guilt (emotional themes)
Nonemotional do not experience and conscience (rational themes)

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20
Q

Why confess to crimes they did not commit?

A

Complaint False Confessions
Persuaded
Voluntary

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21
Q

Kinesics

A

relate to the sutdy of body movement and posture to convey meaning

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22
Q

Emblems

A

gestures that convey direct meaning

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23
Q

Illustrators

A

hand and arm displays that illustrate what is being said

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24
Q

What happens when an illustrator is being truthful

A

emblems are congruent with what is being said

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25
Verbal behaviors
easier to control yet can still be indicators of deception
26
Verbal Cues Related to Deception
Vague or Confusing Answers Provide Conflicting Statements Provide Explanations That Don't Make Sense Use present tense to describe a past occurrence Presence of Modifiers Eliminate or reduce self-references Use either short or long complicated sentences Complain Frequently Delay in Answering Questions Overly helpful polite or respectful "Memory Problems" Deny Involvement Buy Out Statements
27
Poor Man's Polygraph
"I don't know" responses do not make reference to the truth innocent person will dismiss the question of "did you really think you would get away with this"
28
Postmortem Interval
estimates the time of death by evaluating changes a body goes through after death
29
Polygraph
machine that records the physiological responses to psychological phenomena like the stress
30
Computer Stress Analyzer (CVSA)
machine that is supposed to detect in one's voice
31
Relevant Irrelevant Test (RIT)
asks a series of relevant and irrelevant questions to determine deception but is subject to error
32
Concealed-Information Test (CIT)
multiple choice questions concerning the "guilty knowledge" of the suspect
33
Control Question Technique (CQT)
Most Common Technique asks both control and crime-relevant questions, where the control questions effect the innocent and the crime-relevant questions effect the guilty
34
Behavioral Analysis
used to identify an unknown perp. by developing assumptions based on the analysis of features and characteristics of the crime
35
Souvenirs
tokens to help the offender remembers the victim
36
Trophies
have intrinsic value they are "rewards" for the offender
37
MO
actions taken by the perp
38
Signature
Emotional Satisfaction
39
Staging
a distraction for the police but can be revealing in and of itself
40
Geographically Profiling
help identify where a perp. lives thorough the analysis of the crime scene locations
41
Assumption Related to Geographic Profiling
Human beings stay in their comfort zones
42
Cognitive Map
Familiar routes to and from areas where an individual spends most of their time
43
Distance Decay
concept that as the distance from a perp's home increases, the chance of them committing a crime decreases
44
Botfly
most used insect to find PMI
45
Buffer Zone
area close to the perp's home where the perp. has a strong inclination not to commit a crime
46
Psycholinguistics
involves the analysis of spoken or written words to reveal information about the person, associate crimes based on the similarities of writing style and communication, or identify deception in the statement
47
Odontology
application of dental science and administration of the law and the furtherance of justice
48
Positive Identification
antemortem and postmortem data match
49
Possible Identification
antemortem and postmortem have consistent features
50
Insufficient Evidence
available information is insufficient form a basis for conclusion
51
Exclusion
antemortem and postmortem data are clearly inconsistent
52
Why Teeth?
Every human body ages in a similar manner Each human has an individual set of teeth Teeth can withstand trauma Teeth are a source of DNA
53
Forensic Odontologists
Must have DDS degree Should have specialized training in the field
54
Role of Forensic Dentist
identify human remains analyze bite marks estimate age of the victims and perp trace dental malpractice
55
49-66 AD (Lollia Paulina)
1st dental identification
56
1066 AD by King William
1st use of bite marks for identifications
57
Paul Revere
1st known identification by teeth
58
1837 by Dr. Edwin Saunders
established the eruption sequence
59
High Profile Cases with Odentology
Bundy John Wilkes Booth Adolf Hitler Czar Nicholas II
60
Doyle v. Texas
1st time bite marks wee ever used as evidence in a criminal trial
61
People v. Marx
admissibility of expert testimony of odontology
62
Types of Teeth (4)
Molar Premolar Canine Incisors
63
How many teeth in adult mouth
32
64
Forensic Anthropologist
coordinates activity with other experts, particularly odontologist and pathologist
65
Anthropology for young individuals
estimates are based on developmental processes
66
Anthropology in older individuals
estimated age ranges are broader
67
Baby Bones v. Adult Bones
450 in babies 206 in adults
68
Skull
Determination of Sex and Race
69
Pelvis
Determination of Sex
70
What bones can help with Approximate Age
Teeth Cranial Sutures Growth plate fusion
71
Height
Length of long bones
72
What sex has wider subpubic angle and a more flexible public symphysis
Female
73
What sex has more pronounced ridges and crests, the forehead is sloped and the chin is squared
Male
74
Skulls can be what three groups
Caucasian Negroid Mongoloid
75
Features of the Skull used in Race Determination
Nasal Index Jaw Shape of Eye Orbits
76
When does the Lambdoidal suture close?
Fully closed 30 Starts to close at 21
77
When does the sagittal suture close?
fully closed at 35
78
When does the coronal suture close?
fully closed at 50
79
In June of 2002, 14 year old ____ was kidnapped from her bedroom that she shared with her sister in the middle of the night. ____ was taken into the woods to an encampment where she was held captive in a tent. She was held hostage for 9 months in which she was repeatedly raped, given drugs and alcohol, made to watch porn and constantly threatened/ abused by the perpetrators.
Elizabeth Smart
80
In the early morning of December 26, 1996, the police received a call from ____ who reported her 6 year old daughter missing. ____ had found her daughter missing from her bed and a note on their kitchen counter demanding $118,000 for her daughter back safely. The ransom note was written on paper that belonged to the house and was unusually long for someone to write in a hurry. Later that afternoon, the body of six year old ____ was found in the family’s basement.
Jon Benet Ramsey
81
Two people were stabbed outside a condominium in LA Glove Bronco Bruno Magali shoes
OJ
82
December 25 1975- July 31 1977 New York (Brooklyn, Queens Bronx) .44 gun Fingerprints led to ____
David Berkowitz (Son of Sam)
83
Womanizer Caught through dental identification 1974-1978 ____ would abduct and murder as many women as possible
Ted Bundy
84
Satanism Gruesome Murders (Mutilated Bodies)
Night Stalker (Richard Ramirez)
85
Salt Lake City, Utah, and is recognized as one of the most prolific serial killers in American history. ____ confessed to taking the lives of numerous women, up to 80, many who were involved in sex work, in the state of Washington throughout the 1980s and 1990s.
Gary Leon Ridgway (Green River Killer)
86
____ and Laundrie had done several cross country trips in their shared white van, which they lived in on their trips.This final trip was set to go from New York to California beginning on July 2 2021
Gabby Petito
87
High Profile Beerman kidnapped and used for ransom Suspect identified in Canada through magazine ads.
Coors Kidnaping
88
How many medical examiner jurisdictions in the U.S.
200 jurisdictions
89
Natural Manner of Death
Disease or aging
90
Accident Manner of Death
Unforeseeable acts or hostile enviornment
91
Suicide Manner of Death
self-destructive act need perponderance of the evidence
92
Homicide Manner of Death
death at the hand of another
93
Undetermined Manner of Death
lack of sufficent evidence
94
Relevance of an Autopsy
information is useful in determining cause of death
95
Algor Mortis
cooling process of the body
96
Livor Mortis
blood poling of the body
97
Rigor Mortis
rigidity of the body

Forensic Law Final (2 decks)

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