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Forensic Law Final > Forensic Law Final > Flashcards

Forensic Law Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Investigative Interview

A

any questioning that is intended to produce information regarding a particular crime or suspect

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2
Q

Investigative Interview Goal

A

develop information to move the investigation froward

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3
Q

Primary Witness

A

witness with direct knowledge of a crime or suspect

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4
Q

Secondary Witness

A

witness that have information about related events before or after the crime

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5
Q

A Forensic Sketch or Composite Software

A

can be created through a witness’ description and creates picture of the suspect

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6
Q

Mug Shot Books

A

contain photographs of previously arrested or detained individuals matching the witness’ description

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7
Q

How fast does the human blood cool

A

1-1.5 degrees per hour

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8
Q

Show Up Indentification

A

involve bringing the suspect to the witness for identification

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9
Q

Photo Line-Up or Photo Array

A

picture of the suspect is viewed in addition to other similar looking individuals for the witness to identify the perp.

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10
Q

Line-Up

A

involve a witness viewing the suspect and other similar looking individuals in a controlled setting for identification

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11
Q

Memory Process for Identification (ESR)

A

Encode (event is perceived)
Storage (filling of information)
Retrieval (mental record is activated and recollected)

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12
Q

Guidelines for Line-up

A
  1. person conducting interview should not know who the suspect is
  2. eyewitness should be told that the perp. might not be in the line-up
  3. suspect should blend in with the other suspects
  4. clear statement regarding the confidences of the eyewitness identification (how sure are you)
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13
Q

Hypnosis

A

altered state of consciousness

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14
Q

Approaches of Hypnosis

A

Free recall
Structured recall
Recognition

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15
Q

Cognitive Interviewing

A

encourages the witness to reinstate the context of the observed event

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16
Q

Problems with Police Interviewing

A

Frequent interruptions by the interviewers

Asked too many short-answer, close-ended questions

Inappropriate, arbitrary, or rigid sequencing of questions

Interviewers sometimes use negative phrasing of questions

Use of non-neutral questions

Use of inappropriate or too formal language

Questions are asked rapidly

Judgmental or insensitive comments may be used

Failure to follow-up on potential
leads provided by the witness

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17
Q

Ultimate Goal of an Interrogation

A

Confession

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18
Q

Example of Interviewing Themes

A

Minimize seriousness of crime
Blame the victim
Decrease shamefulness of act
Increase guilty feelings
Appeal to suspect’s hope for positive outcome

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19
Q

Emotional vs. Nonemotional

A

Emotional offenders experience guilt (emotional themes)
Nonemotional do not experience and conscience (rational themes)

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20
Q

Why confess to crimes they did not commit?

A

Complaint False Confessions
Persuaded
Voluntary

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21
Q

Kinesics

A

relate to the sutdy of body movement and posture to convey meaning

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22
Q

Emblems

A

gestures that convey direct meaning

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23
Q

Illustrators

A

hand and arm displays that illustrate what is being said

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24
Q

What happens when an illustrator is being truthful

A

emblems are congruent with what is being said

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25
Q

Verbal behaviors

A

easier to control yet can still be indicators of deception

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26
Q

Verbal Cues Related to Deception

A

Vague or Confusing Answers
Provide Conflicting Statements
Provide Explanations That Don’t Make Sense
Use present tense to describe a past occurrence
Presence of Modifiers
Eliminate or reduce self-references
Use either short or long complicated sentences
Complain Frequently
Delay in Answering Questions
Overly helpful polite or respectful
“Memory Problems”
Deny Involvement
Buy Out Statements

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27
Q

Poor Man’s Polygraph

A

“I don’t know”
responses do not make reference to the truth
innocent person will dismiss the question of “did you really think you would get away with this”

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28
Q

Postmortem Interval

A

estimates the time of death by evaluating changes a body goes through after death

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29
Q

Polygraph

A

machine that records the physiological responses to psychological phenomena like the stress

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30
Q

Computer Stress Analyzer (CVSA)

A

machine that is supposed to detect in one’s voice

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31
Q

Relevant Irrelevant Test (RIT)

A

asks a series of relevant and irrelevant questions to determine deception but is subject to error

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32
Q

Concealed-Information Test (CIT)

A

multiple choice questions concerning the “guilty knowledge” of the suspect

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33
Q

Control Question Technique (CQT)

A

Most Common Technique
asks both control and crime-relevant questions, where the control questions effect the innocent and the crime-relevant questions effect the guilty

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34
Q

Behavioral Analysis

A

used to identify an unknown perp. by developing assumptions based on the analysis of features and characteristics of the crime

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35
Q

Souvenirs

A

tokens to help the offender remembers the victim

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36
Q

Trophies

A

have intrinsic value
they are “rewards” for the offender

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37
Q

MO

A

actions taken by the perp

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38
Q

Signature

A

Emotional Satisfaction

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39
Q

Staging

A

a distraction for the police but can be revealing in and of itself

40
Q

Geographically Profiling

A

help identify where a perp. lives thorough the analysis of the crime scene locations

41
Q

Assumption Related to Geographic Profiling

A

Human beings stay in their comfort zones

42
Q

Cognitive Map

A

Familiar routes to and from areas where an individual spends most of their time

43
Q

Distance Decay

A

concept that as the distance from a perp’s home increases, the chance of them committing a crime decreases

44
Q

Botfly

A

most used insect to find PMI

45
Q

Buffer Zone

A

area close to the perp’s home where the perp. has a strong inclination not to commit a crime

46
Q

Psycholinguistics

A

involves the analysis of spoken or written words to reveal information about the person, associate crimes based on the similarities of writing style and communication, or identify deception in the statement

47
Q

Odontology

A

application of dental science and administration of the law and the furtherance of justice

48
Q

Positive Identification

A

antemortem and postmortem data match

49
Q

Possible Identification

A

antemortem and postmortem have consistent features

50
Q

Insufficient Evidence

A

available information is insufficient form a basis for conclusion

51
Q

Exclusion

A

antemortem and postmortem data are clearly inconsistent

52
Q

Why Teeth?

A

Every human body ages in a similar manner
Each human has an individual set of teeth
Teeth can withstand trauma
Teeth are a source of DNA

53
Q

Forensic Odontologists

A

Must have DDS degree
Should have specialized training in the field

54
Q

Role of Forensic Dentist

A

identify human remains
analyze bite marks
estimate age of the victims and perp
trace dental malpractice

55
Q

49-66 AD (Lollia Paulina)

A

1st dental identification

56
Q

1066 AD by King William

A

1st use of bite marks for identifications

57
Q

Paul Revere

A

1st known identification by teeth

58
Q

1837 by Dr. Edwin Saunders

A

established the eruption sequence

59
Q

High Profile Cases with Odentology

A

Bundy
John Wilkes Booth
Adolf Hitler
Czar Nicholas II

60
Q

Doyle v. Texas

A

1st time bite marks wee ever used as evidence in a criminal trial

61
Q

People v. Marx

A

admissibility of expert testimony of odontology

62
Q

Types of Teeth (4)

A

Molar
Premolar
Canine
Incisors

63
Q

How many teeth in adult mouth

A

32

64
Q

Forensic Anthropologist

A

coordinates activity with other experts, particularly odontologist and pathologist

65
Q

Anthropology for young individuals

A

estimates are based on developmental processes

66
Q

Anthropology in older individuals

A

estimated age ranges are broader

67
Q

Baby Bones v. Adult Bones

A

450 in babies
206 in adults

68
Q

Skull

A

Determination of Sex and Race

69
Q

Pelvis

A

Determination of Sex

70
Q

What bones can help with Approximate Age

A

Teeth
Cranial Sutures
Growth plate fusion

71
Q

Height

A

Length of long bones

72
Q

What sex has wider subpubic angle and a more flexible public symphysis

A

Female

73
Q

What sex has more pronounced ridges and crests, the forehead is sloped and the chin is squared

A

Male

74
Q

Skulls can be what three groups

A

Caucasian
Negroid
Mongoloid

75
Q

Features of the Skull used in Race Determination

A

Nasal Index
Jaw
Shape of Eye Orbits

76
Q

When does the Lambdoidal suture close?

A

Fully closed 30
Starts to close at 21

77
Q

When does the sagittal suture close?

A

fully closed at 35

78
Q

When does the coronal suture close?

A

fully closed at 50

79
Q

In June of 2002, 14 year old ____ was kidnapped from
her bedroom that she shared with her sister in the middle of the
night. ____ was taken into the woods to an encampment
where she was held captive in a tent. She was held hostage for 9
months in which she was repeatedly raped, given drugs and
alcohol, made to watch porn and constantly threatened/ abused by
the perpetrators.

A

Elizabeth Smart

80
Q

In the early morning of December 26, 1996, the police received a call from ____ who reported her 6 year old daughter missing. ____ had found her daughter missing from
her bed and a note on their kitchen counter demanding $118,000 for her daughter back safely. The
ransom note was written on paper that belonged to the house and was unusually long for someone
to write in a hurry. Later that afternoon, the body of six year old ____ was found in the family’s
basement.

A

Jon Benet Ramsey

81
Q

Two people were stabbed outside a condominium in LA
Glove
Bronco
Bruno Magali shoes

A

OJ

82
Q

December 25 1975- July 31 1977
New York (Brooklyn, Queens Bronx)
.44 gun
Fingerprints led to ____

A

David Berkowitz (Son of Sam)

83
Q

Womanizer
Caught through dental identification
1974-1978 ____ would abduct and murder as many women as possible

A

Ted Bundy

84
Q

Satanism
Gruesome Murders (Mutilated Bodies)

A

Night Stalker (Richard Ramirez)

85
Q

Salt Lake City, Utah, and
is recognized as one of the most prolific serial killers in American history. ____ confessed to taking the lives of numerous women, up to 80, many who were involved in sex work, in the state of Washington throughout the 1980s
and 1990s.

A

Gary Leon Ridgway (Green River Killer)

86
Q

____ and Laundrie had done several cross country trips
in their shared white van, which they lived in on their trips.This final trip was set to go from New York to California
beginning on July 2 2021

A

Gabby Petito

87
Q

High Profile Beerman kidnapped and used for ransom
Suspect identified in Canada through magazine ads.

A

Coors Kidnaping

88
Q

How many medical examiner jurisdictions in the U.S.

A

200 jurisdictions

89
Q

Natural Manner of Death

A

Disease or aging

90
Q

Accident Manner of Death

A

Unforeseeable acts or hostile enviornment

91
Q

Suicide Manner of Death

A

self-destructive act
need perponderance of the evidence

92
Q

Homicide Manner of Death

A

death at the hand of another

93
Q

Undetermined Manner of Death

A

lack of sufficent evidence

94
Q

Relevance of an Autopsy

A

information is useful in determining cause of death

95
Q

Algor Mortis

A

cooling process of the body

96
Q

Livor Mortis

A

blood poling of the body

97
Q

Rigor Mortis

A

rigidity of the body

Forensic Law Final (2 decks)

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