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Final > Forensic > Flashcards

Forensic Flashcards

1
Q

The larger the aperture the less depth the field.
For maximum depth of field use the smallest aperture

A

Aperture

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2
Q

The closer the subject you focus on the less depth of field depth of field is greater with distance subject

A

Focused subject

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3
Q

The longer the lens you use the last depth of field you will have. Wide angle lenses give you the greatest depth of field

A

Focal length

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4
Q

A suspension of a sensitive silver salt or a mixture of silver halides in a viscous medium forming a coating on a photographic plates film or paper

A

Emulsion

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5
Q

A layer found in a modern photographic films it is placed between the light sensitive emulsion and the tough film base or sometimes on the back of the film base

A

Gray or anti-halation backing

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6
Q

A transparent substrate which acts as a support medium for the photosensitive emulsion that lies atop it

A

Film base

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7
Q

Three major type of film base in use

A

Cellulose nitrate
cellulose acetate
polyethylene threptalate polyester

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8
Q

Characteristic of b&w films

A

Emotion speed
Spectral sensitivity
Granularity or graininess

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9
Q

Express in arithmetical value

A

ASA (american standards association)

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10
Q

Expressed in logarithmic value

A

DIN ( DEOTCHE INDUSTRIE NORMEN)

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11
Q

Expressed in the combined arithmetical and logarithmic values

A

ISO ( international standards organization)

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12
Q

Sensitive to uv rays and blue color only

A

Blue sensitive film

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13
Q

Sensitive to uv rays to blue and green color it is not sensitive to red color

A

Orthochromatic film

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14
Q

Sensitive to uv rays to blue green red light and infrared rays

A

Infrared film

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15
Q

This refers to the size of the metallic silver grains that are formed after development of an exposed film.

A

Granularity or graininess

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16
Q

A multilayer emulsion coated on the same support or base

A

Color film

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17
Q

Also known as slide film forms a negative image when exposed which is revised to a positive image during developing the film can be projected onto a screen

A

Color reversal film

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18
Q

A negative image when exposed which is permanently fixed during developing this is then exposed onto photographic paper to form a positive image

A

Color negative film

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19
Q

Exposed to light in a controlled manner, either by, placing a negative in contact with a paper directly to produce a contact print, by using an enlarger to in order to create a latent image by exposing in some types of camera to produce a photographic negative

A

Photographic paper

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20
Q

Has a slow speed and is suited for contact printing

A

Chloride paper

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21
Q

Fast speed and is recommended for projection printing or enlarging

A

Bromide paper

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22
Q

Is a multi speed and could be used in both contact printing or enlarging

A

Chloro-bromide paper

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23
Q

Are used on over exposed or low contrast negative

A

0 to 1

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24
Q

Are used on normal exposed or normal contrast negative

A

2

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25
Q

Are used in under exposed or high contrast negatives

A

3 to 5

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26
Q

A camera accessory consisting of an optical filter that can be inserted in the optical path a glass or plastic desk with a metal or plastic ring frame which can be screwed in front of the lens

A

Filters

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27
Q

A filter used to change the color quality of the exposing light in order to secure proper color balance for artificial light films

A

Light balance filter

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28
Q

This is used to change the overall color balance of photographic result obtained with color films and to compensate for deficiencies in the quality of exposing energy

A

Color compensating filter

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29
Q

Filter used when the light is too bright to allow the use of desired f number or shutter speed with a particular film

A

Neutral density filter

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30
Q

It is used to reduce or minimize reflections on subjects like water glass and highly polished surface

A

Polarizing filter

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31
Q

Simply a combination of the aperture and shutter speed. Defined as the product of the total light intensity and the length of time it strike the emulsion.

A

Exposure

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32
Q

Form of energy commonly refers to electromagnetic radiation that can be detected by human eye

A

Flight

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33
Q

Properties of all electromagnetic radiation can be described three interrelated terms

A

Wavelength frequency energy

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34
Q

A typical waveform has crest and troughs

A

Wavelength

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35
Q

The wavelength of visible light

A

Between 40 to 700 nm

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36
Q

Violate
blue
green
yellow
orange
red

A

400- 440 nm
440 to 490 nm
490 to 540 nm
540 to 590 nm
600 to 650 nm
650 to 700 nm

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37
Q

This is electromagnetic energy having a wavelength that ranges from 10 to 30 mm

A

X-rays

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38
Q

is divided into near and far ultraviolet and ranges from about 200 to 400 mm wavelength this ray of light is also invisible like the infrared

A

Ultraviolet light

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39
Q

Create a layer of ozone a special form of oxygen to protect the living organism on earth

A

Ultraviolet ray

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40
Q

Produces different sensation when they strike the human eye the color of the different objects are usually mixtures of light of wave various wavelengths and not a special color

A

Visible light

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41
Q

It’s wavelength ranges from 700 to 800 mm. Is not a color or any kind of red it is an invisible ray and detected by skin as heat.

A

Infrared race

42
Q

Capability of infrared photography in law enforcement and forensic science

A

Restoring original writings on charred paper
Restoring questioned old or faded documents
Detecting old scars or obliterated tattoo marks
Penetrating layers of greece or grime

43
Q

Has Longest wavelength

A

Red

44
Q

Presence of all color

A

White

45
Q

Absence of all color or the absence of light

A

Black

46
Q

Shortest wavelength 400mu

A

Magenta

47
Q

Primary color

A

Red yellow blue

48
Q

When traveling in open space light travels in a straight line however when light comes in contact with an object it may be bended.

A

Bending of light

49
Q

It bounces off in all directions due to the microscopic irregularities of the interface

A

Reflection

50
Q

It is the change and direction of the wave due to change and its speed this is most commonly observed when a wave passes from one medium to another

A

Refraction

51
Q

It is described as the apparent bending of waves around small obstacle and the spreading out of the waves past small openings it is also described as the bending of light when it hits a sharp edge of an opaque object

A

Diffraction

52
Q

Allow sufficient visible light to pass through them that the object on the other side may be clearly seen

A

Transparent object

53
Q

Allows light to pass however diffuse its sufficiently that the object on the other side may not be clearly distinguished

A

Translucent object

54
Q

So greatly diffuse the light that recognizing the object on the other side is very difficult if not impossible

A

Opaque

55
Q

Not man made

A

Natural light source

56
Q

Light sources of this category are man made and is divided into continuous radiation and the short duration

A

Artificial light sources

57
Q

Light sources of this category are man made and is divided into continuous radiation and the short duration

A

Artificial light sources

58
Q

A lightning condition where object is open space cast a deep and uniform or distinct shadow

A

Bright sunlight

59
Q

Object in open space cast a transparent shadow

A

Hazy sunlight

60
Q

Object in open space cast no shadow

A

Dull sunlight

61
Q

Object in open space cast no shadow but object at far distance are clearly visible

A

Cloudy bright

62
Q

Object and open space cast not shadow and visibility of distant object are already limited

A

Cloudy dull

63
Q

Forensic light sources

A

Uv lamp
laser
alternative light sources
forensic light sources

64
Q

What does laser mean

A

Light amplification through simulated emission of radiation

65
Q

Development, stop bath and fixation

A

Black and white processing

66
Q

Development, stop fix and stabilizer

A

Color processing

67
Q

It is the conversion of latent image in an emulsion into vegetable image

A

Development

68
Q

Reducing exposed silver halide crystal into metallic silver

A

B&W emulsion

69
Q

Developed silver is replaced with cyan, yellow and magenta dye

A

Color emulsion

70
Q

Developed silver is replaced with cyan, yellow and magenta dye

A

Color emulsion

71
Q

The purpose of this is to halt the development of the film plate or paper by either washing off the developing chemical or neutralizing it

A

Stop bath

72
Q

The fixer removes the an exposed silver halide remaining on the photographic film or photographic paper living behind the reduce metallic silver that forms the image making it insensitive to further action of light

A

Fixation

73
Q

It is the most common salt commonly called hypo and ammonium thiosulfate commonly used in modern rapid fixer formula

A

Sodium thiosulfate

74
Q

It can be carried out in trays tanks or mechanize equipment

A

Film processing

75
Q

It can be carried out in trays tanks or mechanize equipment

A

Film processing

76
Q

Handle and total darkness blue films orthochromatic films and printing papers handled under a safe light

A

Panchromatic materials

77
Q

Can be plain water only with 28% glacial acetic acid

A

Stop but

78
Q

Fixing but formula

A

Water dissolving agent preservative neutralizer hardeners

79
Q

It is a procedure of exposing photographic print materials while it is pressed in contact with a negative being reproduced

A

Contact printing

80
Q

It is a type of printing where the image in a negative is optically projected or enlarged onto a print material for exposure to produce a picture image

A

Projection printing or enlarging

81
Q

Equipment for paper developing

A

Three plastic trays
Metal plastic or bamboo tongue with rubber ends to hold the prints
Rubber
Paper cutter
A bigger tray or tank for washing prints

82
Q

In all forensic investigations the first step is to secure the crime scene

A

Secure the crime scen

83
Q

Photographer should evaluate the available light and weather conditions and adjust camera setting appropriately

A

Evaluation condition

84
Q

The photographer should take photographs before anything is disturbed progressively working through the scene from outside to close up pictures

A

Shoot the scene

85
Q

The next series of shots should include victims if present to show collocations injuries or condition

A

Photograph the victims

86
Q

Then each piece of evidence should be photographed to illustrate where it is found

A

Photograph the evidence

87
Q

Photographers should be taken before evidence markers are placed then again after

A

Evidence marker

88
Q

If investigators mark new evidence the whole series of shots should be repeated including all evidence shot this photos should include the entire piece of evidence and a scale to indicate size

A

Reshoot for new evidence

89
Q

Sometimes environmental factors such as rain snow or traffic can make conditions difficulty for photography

A

Shoot fast

90
Q

If a victim must be moved or requires treatment the photographer can go back to document the victims injuries various techniques using specialized and colored filters can highlight injuries bruising scarring and healing status

A

Photograph the victim later

91
Q

Taking an overall view of the crime scene it is shows the direction and location of the crime scene

A

General view

92
Q

Taking of the photograph of the scene of the crime by dividing it into section best view will best show the nature of the crime

A

Medium view

93
Q

Taking on the individual photograph of the evidence at the crime scene it is designed to show the details of the crime

A

Closed up view

94
Q

Commonly designed in the laboratory photography using some magnification such as photogomicrography and photo macrography

A

Extremely close up view

95
Q

Commonly designed in the laboratory photography using some magnification such as photogomicrography and photo macrography

A

Extremely close up view

96
Q

The photograph must be directly related to the case and help establish a fact in question

A

Relevance

97
Q

There must be sufficient proof that the photograph is what it purpose to be

A

Authenticity

98
Q

The photograph should accurately represent the the scene or object it defects without misleading distortions

A

Fair and accurate representation

99
Q

The photograph must be accounted from the time it was taken to its presentation in court ensuring that it hasn’t been tampered with

A

Chain of custody

100
Q

The photograph must be accounted from the time it was taken to its presentation in court ensuring that it hasn’t been tampered with

A

Chain of custody

Final (5 decks)

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