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Foreign Policy - Overall Flashcards

1
Q

Yalta Conference

A

1945
Truman, Stalin and Churchill
Agreed on division of Europe
Before German surrender

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2
Q

Potsdam Conference

A

1945
After German surrender
Truman, Stalin, Attlee
Germany and Korea divided (38th parallel)

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3
Q

Long Telegram

A

1946
George Kennan urged US resistance to Soviets
Truman

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4
Q

Truman doctrine launched

A

1947
In speech to Congress to secure $400 mil aid to Greece and Turkey

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5
Q

Marshall Plan

A

1947
$13bil aid to Western Europe
Boosted trade as well as rebuilding
Truman

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6
Q

Berlin blockade

A

1948 - 1949
Airlift - “Operation Vittles”
Truman

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7
Q

NATO created

A

1949
Anti-Soviet military alliance
Truman

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8
Q

Fall of China

A

1949
Mao in power
Truman

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9
Q

Korean War

A

1950-1953
Truman

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10
Q

End of Korean War

A

1953
Eisenhower threatened to use nuclear bombs on China

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11
Q

New Look/Massive Retaliation set out

A

1953
Eisenhower plans to shift away from expensive boots on the ground to nuclear forces/covert warfare

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12
Q

Death of Stalin

A

1953
Eisenhower

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13
Q

Iran coup

A

1953
US and UK back Shah’s coup against Mossadeq
Eisenhower

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14
Q

SEATO created

A

1954
South Vietnam did not join
Eisenhower

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15
Q

CENTO created

A

1954
Middle East
Eisenhower

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16
Q

Domino theory

A

1954
Eisenhower

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17
Q

Matsu & Quemoy crisis

A

1954
Use of brinkmanship
Eisenhower

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18
Q

Geneva Summit

A

1955
Eisenhower meets Khrushchev
First US/USSR meeting since Potsdam

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19
Q

Hungarian Revolution

A

1956
Eisenhower doesn’t keep promise of rollback

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20
Q

Suez crisis

A

1956
Eisenhower pressured UK, France and Israel into peace to avoid antagonising Arab nations

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21
Q

Sputnik launch

A

1957
Soviets launch Sputnik
NASA formed a year later as a response
Eisenhower

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22
Q

U2 crisis

A

1960
Khrushchev cancels summit conference with USA over spy plane shot down over Russia
Eisenhower

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23
Q

Trade embargo on Cuba

A

1960
Response to Cuba suspending sugar exports to USA
(80% of Cuban exports to US)
Eisenhower

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24
Q

Space race begins

A

1961
JFK promises that the US will land on the moon

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25
Q

Cuba aligns with Soviets

A

1961
Castro declares his government socialist
JFK

26
Q

Bay of Pigs

A

1961
1400 exiles
JFK

27
Q

Vienna Summit

A

1961
First meeting between JFK and Khrushchev
Discussed Laos, Berlin, Vietnam

28
Q

Berlin Wall built

29
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis

30
Q

Battle of Ap Bac

A

1963
US assisted ARVN against Viet Cong
Loss for ARVN/US
JFK

31
Q

JFK visit to Berlin

32
Q

Partial Test Ban treaty

A

1963
USA/USSR agree to no nuclear tests in space, atmosphere or underwater
Underground permitted
Hotline established between the White House and the Kremlin
JFK

33
Q

Diem assassination

A

1963
Ngo Dinh Diem assassinated
Replaced by General Minh
US advisors upped to 17000 from 1000 by 1963
JFK

34
Q

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

A

1964
Gives LBJ authority to operate in Vietnam

35
Q

Operation Rolling Thunder begins

A

1965
Response to attack at Pleiku
Bombing of North Vietnam
LBJ

36
Q

Ground troop escalation under LBJ

A

331,000 army
78,000 marines
by 1968

37
Q

France leaves NATO

A

1966
Charles de Gaulle withdrew France as he saw Vietnam war as colonialism

38
Q

Tet Offensive

A

1968
Military loss for VC, but propaganda win

39
Q

Detente begins

A

1969
Nixon/Kissinger

40
Q

Vietnamisation introduced

A

1969
“Peace with honour” promised
Nixon

41
Q

CIA campaign in Chile

A

1970
Socialist Allende elected
CIA aided opposition, encouraged protests, funded media criticism
US and World Bank loans to Chile stopped
Nixon

42
Q

Invasion of Cambodia

A

1970
30,000 troops
Nixon

43
Q

Visit to China

A

1972
China puts pressure on NV to accept treaty
Nixon

44
Q

SALT signed

A

1972
Nixon and Brezhnev
Led to USSR putting pressure on NV to accept peace

45
Q

Christmas bombings

A

1972
Targets included Hanoi and Haiphong harbour
Nixon

46
Q

Paris Peace Accords

A

1973
POWs exchanged
Thieu remained in power
Nixon

47
Q

Draft abolished

48
Q

Coup in Chile

A

1973
Pinochet becomes dictator
Nixon

49
Q

Yom-Kippur war

A

1973
Israel - Egypt
Shuttle diplomacy used
Nixon

50
Q

Vladivostok summit

A

1974
Ford and Brezhnev agree principles of SALT II

51
Q

Fall of Saigon

52
Q

Helsinki agreement

A

1975
More trade and economic cooperation
West and East Germany recognised, borders in Eastern Europe recognised
Human rights record opened to scrutiny
Ford

53
Q

Operation Condor begins

54
Q

Camp David Accords

A

1978
Sadat of Egypt and Begin of Israel
Land exchange
Formally recognised each other
Carter

55
Q

Iran revolution

A

1978
Revolution against Shah, Ayatollah Khomeni gains power in 1979
Carter

56
Q

Recognition of China

A

1979
Mutual Defense Treaty with Taiwan revoked
Carter

57
Q

SALT II agreed

A

1979
Agreed at Vienna Summit
Not ratified after invasion of Afghanistan
Carter

58
Q

Iran hostage crisis

A

1979
52 Americans taken hostage

59
Q

Invasion of Afghanistan

A

1979
Soviets invade, install puppet regime
US works with Pakistan and Saudi Arabia to train and fund Mujahideen
End of detente
Carter

60
Q

Operation Eagle Claw

A

1980
Fails, 8 soldiers killed
Carter

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