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America > Civil Rights - Overall > Flashcards

Civil Rights - Overall Flashcards

1
Q

Desegregation of military

A

1945 - Truman
Issues executive order desegregating the armed forces and federal bureaucracy

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2
Q

Brown vs Board

A

1954 - Eisenhower
Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
Led to KKK revitalisation

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3
Q

Murder of Emmett Till

A

1955 - Eisenhower

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4
Q

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A

1956 - Eisenhower
Citizens’ Councils and KKK attempted to intimidate
Supreme Court sympathetic - law change

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5
Q

Eisenhower CR acts

A

1957 - ensure black voting rights
1960 - made obstructing black voter registration or desegregation a federal crime
Diluted by Dixiecrats - very little impact

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6
Q

Little Rock

A

1957 - Eisenhower
Orval Faubus
Paratroopers sent to escort students

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7
Q

Freedom Rides

A

1961 - JFK
Group attacked by racists in Alabama
Bobby Kennedy worked to enforce rulings

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8
Q

Birmingham Campaign

A

1963 - JFK
Attacked by Bull Connor’s police
King writes “Letter from Birmingham jail”
JFK calls Coretta King and obtains her husband’s release

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9
Q

March on Washington

A

1963 - JFK (after Birmingham)
Encourage passage of JFK’s CR Bill
A Philip Randolph/MLK - “I have a dream”
250,000 in crowd - 1/4 white

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10
Q

Civil Rights Act

A

1964 - LBJ
Ended Jim Crow but did nothing for voting

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11
Q

Selma Campaign

A

1965 - LBJ
MLK led voter registration drive
Brutally attacked by Jim Clark
Led to Voting Rights Act

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12
Q

Voting Rights Act

A

1965 - LBJ
Made literacy tests illegal
Replaced state registrars with federal ones

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13
Q

Race Riots

A

1964-8 - LBJ
Rising support for black self-improvement and black power
Rise in Black Panther membership
Major white backlash

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14
Q

Philadelphia Plan

A

1969 - Nixon
Required federal contractors to hire at least a certain number of black workers

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15
Q

Swann vs Charlotte-Mecklenburg

A

1971 - Nixon
Ruled busing necessary for integration

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16
Q

Miliken vs Bradley

A

1974 - Nixon
Ruled white suburbs had no obligation to integrate

17
Q

Boston Busing riots

A

1974 - Ford
There was also a KKK bombing in Michigan

18
Q

ERA

A

Passed by houses in 1972 - Nixon
Outlawed any discrimination based on sex
Only ratified by 35 states - needed 38

19
Q

Political representation by 1980

A

14 black Congressmen (of 465)
1 black Senator (of 100)
Many cities had black mayors - Detroit, LA

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