Foreign policy Flashcards
Henry’s advisers signed the Treaty of Etaples in 1510. What did Henry do?
He ignored them and signed the Holy league.
How was Henry ‘used’ by Ferdinand?
As a distraction and Ferdinand then made peace with France.
In what year was the battle of spurs?
1513
What was the other battle that took place in 1513 (Not spurs)
Battle of Flodden with Scotland.
Give one success and one failure of the Battle of Spurs.
Propaganda victory and it was very expensive and gained little.
How was England unlucky in 1514?
France and Holy Roman Empire made peace.
What skill did Wolsey show in 1514?
Negotiation in the marriage between Louis XII and Mary.
Which phrase can you use to describe the theme of foreign policy in the years 1514-1526?
No clear theme
Name one thing that was the basis of England’s foreign policy making between 1514-1526
The Great Matter.
Which treaties were signed in 1516 and 1517 and what did they say?
Noyon - Peace between Spain and France
Cambrai - Signed by Francis, Charles V and Maximilian.
Give one success and one failure of the Battle of Flodden
Culled Scottish nobility but Henry didn’t take advantage of the situation.
What was England’s position after the Treaty of Noyon and the Treaty of Cambrai?
Isolated.
How did France intimidate England with Scotland?
Duke of Albany the Heir presumptive.
Wolsey ended England’s isolation with which Treaty and when?`
Treaty of London, 1518
How was the Treaty of London an immediate success and a long term failure
It was a defensive pact that removed England’s isolation. No-one took it seriously.
The Field of cloth of gold exemplified the new friendship between England and France. This could be said to have achieved by Wolsey’s diplomatic brilliance, but in reality what was the reason?
Scare of Charles V new power as HRE.
What Treaty was signed in 1521, who was it between and give one term.
Treaty of Bruge. Charles V and England.
When was the second French war?
1522
Which word would you use to describe England’s foreign policy position during 1527-1540?
Weak.
Which Treaty was put together by the pope to counterbalance Charles V’s dominance in Italy?
League of Cognac.
Which anti-Imperial alliance was Wolsey forced to make? When?
Treaty of Amiens, 1527
In which year was the “catholic crusade” a real threat?
1532
Who did Henry form an alliance with to protect England from catholic Europe?
Schmalkaldic
Which religious act was passed, partly to reassure Catholic Europe? When?
Act of Six Articles, 1539
What word would you use to describe Henry’s foreign policy during 1540-47?
Aggressive.
When was the battle of Solway Moss?
1542
What country was the main focus of Henry’s foreign policy in the 1540s ?
France
what should Henry have done after Solway Moss, but what did he actually do?
Taken control of Scotland, but he just left them and went for diplomacy.
Give one way Henry can be criticised for his foreign policy failure in Scotland
He didn’t take advantage of the situation.
What was Henry’s greatest foreign policy achievement?
Capturing Boulogne.
Give one way matters got worse for Henry in 1545.
Possible French invasion, French troops compiling on Isle of White.
Give one way Henry financed the third French war and what was the effect?
Debasement of coinage, Increased inflation.
What was Somerset’s aim with Scotland?
Marry Ed and infant MQS to unite crowns
What was Somerset’s main priority?
Scotland
What was Somerset’s chosen strategy with Scotland?
Defeat them in battle, build and garrison a number of forts in the borders and south of Scotland and force them into submission
Evaluation of Somerset’s Scottish policy?
started well with the battle of Pinkie in September 1547. However, the forts were difficult and expensive to garrison and the Dunbar and Edinburgh castles were not captured.
What did Somerset underestimate about Scotland and France?
The amount of cooperation between them. He failed to block the Firth of Fourth properly, which allowed France to relive Edinburgh and gain control of MQS taking her to France in August 1548to marry the Dauphin.
What happened due to the deteriorating relationship with France?
1549 - threat of French war and invasion of the south when he was most vulnerable to the rebellions, which caused greater resentment in the Privy council.
How was Northumberland different to Somerset in Foreign Policy?
He was able to reduce foreign policy expenditure and stabilise the Crown’s finance. He ended the war with Scotland and France.
How did Northumberland end the war with France?
He was forced to Boulogne - perceived as a humiliating defeat, however, it did serve to bring an immediate improvement in the Crown’s financial position as Boulogne was expensive to keep and France were willing to pay £133,333 for it.
How did Northumberland reinforce the financial gain after France?
He abandoned the English garrisons in Scotland and this financial benefit outweighed any fears about the potential French invasion.
