Foreign policy

Question 1

Henry’s advisers signed the Treaty of Etaples in 1510. What did Henry do?

Answer 1

He ignored them and signed the Holy league.

Question 2

How was Henry ‘used’ by Ferdinand?

Answer 2

As a distraction and Ferdinand then made peace with France.

Question 3

In what year was the battle of spurs?

Answer 3

1513

Question 4

What was the other battle that took place in 1513 (Not spurs)

Answer 4

Battle of Flodden with Scotland.

Question 5

Give one success and one failure of the Battle of Spurs.

Answer 5

Propaganda victory and it was very expensive and gained little.

Question 6

How was England unlucky in 1514?

Answer 6

France and Holy Roman Empire made peace.

Question 7

What skill did Wolsey show in 1514?

Answer 7

Negotiation in the marriage between Louis XII and Mary.

Question 8

Which phrase can you use to describe the theme of foreign policy in the years 1514-1526?

Answer 8

No clear theme

Question 9

Name one thing that was the basis of England’s foreign policy making between 1514-1526

Answer 9

The Great Matter.

Question 10

Which treaties were signed in 1516 and 1517 and what did they say?

Answer 10

Noyon - Peace between Spain and France

Cambrai - Signed by Francis, Charles V and Maximilian.

Question 11

Give one success and one failure of the Battle of Flodden

Answer 11

Culled Scottish nobility but Henry didn’t take advantage of the situation.

Question 12

What was England’s position after the Treaty of Noyon and the Treaty of Cambrai?

Answer 12

Isolated.

Question 13

How did France intimidate England with Scotland?

Answer 13

Duke of Albany the Heir presumptive.

Question 14

Wolsey ended England’s isolation with which Treaty and when?`

Answer 14

Treaty of London, 1518

Question 15

How was the Treaty of London an immediate success and a long term failure

Answer 15

It was a defensive pact that removed England’s isolation. No-one took it seriously.

Question 16

The Field of cloth of gold exemplified the new friendship between England and France. This could be said to have achieved by Wolsey’s diplomatic brilliance, but in reality what was the reason?

Answer 16

Scare of Charles V new power as HRE.

Question 17

What Treaty was signed in 1521, who was it between and give one term.

Answer 17

Treaty of Bruge. Charles V and England.

Question 18

When was the second French war?

Answer 18

1522

Question 19

Which word would you use to describe England’s foreign policy position during 1527-1540?

Answer 19

Weak.

Question 20

Which Treaty was put together by the pope to counterbalance Charles V’s dominance in Italy?

Answer 20

League of Cognac.

Question 21

Which anti-Imperial alliance was Wolsey forced to make? When?

Answer 21

Treaty of Amiens, 1527

Question 22

In which year was the “catholic crusade” a real threat?

Answer 22

1532

Question 23

Who did Henry form an alliance with to protect England from catholic Europe?

Answer 23

Schmalkaldic

Question 24

Which religious act was passed, partly to reassure Catholic Europe? When?

Answer 24

Act of Six Articles, 1539

Question 25

What word would you use to describe Henry’s foreign policy during 1540-47?

Answer 25

Aggressive.

Question 26

When was the battle of Solway Moss?

Answer 26

1542

Question 27

What country was the main focus of Henry’s foreign policy in the 1540s ?

Answer 27

France

Question 28

what should Henry have done after Solway Moss, but what did he actually do?

Answer 28

Taken control of Scotland, but he just left them and went for diplomacy.

Question 29

Give one way Henry can be criticised for his foreign policy failure in Scotland

Answer 29

He didn’t take advantage of the situation.

Question 30

What was Henry’s greatest foreign policy achievement?

Answer 30

Capturing Boulogne.

Question 31

Give one way matters got worse for Henry in 1545.

Answer 31

Possible French invasion, French troops compiling on Isle of White.

Question 32

Give one way Henry financed the third French war and what was the effect?

Answer 32

Debasement of coinage, Increased inflation.

Question 33

What was Somerset’s aim with Scotland?

Answer 33

Marry Ed and infant MQS to unite crowns

Question 34

What was Somerset’s main priority?

Answer 34

Scotland

Question 35

What was Somerset’s chosen strategy with Scotland?

Answer 35

Defeat them in battle, build and garrison a number of forts in the borders and south of Scotland and force them into submission

Question 36

Evaluation of Somerset’s Scottish policy?

Answer 36

started well with the battle of Pinkie in September 1547. However, the forts were difficult and expensive to garrison and the Dunbar and Edinburgh castles were not captured.

Question 37

What did Somerset underestimate about Scotland and France?

Answer 37

The amount of cooperation between them. He failed to block the Firth of Fourth properly, which allowed France to relive Edinburgh and gain control of MQS taking her to France in August 1548to marry the Dauphin.

Question 38

What happened due to the deteriorating relationship with France?

Answer 38

1549 - threat of French war and invasion of the south when he was most vulnerable to the rebellions, which caused greater resentment in the Privy council.

Question 39

How was Northumberland different to Somerset in Foreign Policy?

Answer 39

He was able to reduce foreign policy expenditure and stabilise the Crown’s finance. He ended the war with Scotland and France.

Question 40

How did Northumberland end the war with France?

Answer 40

He was forced to Boulogne - perceived as a humiliating defeat, however, it did serve to bring an immediate improvement in the Crown’s financial position as Boulogne was expensive to keep and France were willing to pay £133,333 for it.

Question 41

How did Northumberland reinforce the financial gain after France?

Answer 41

He abandoned the English garrisons in Scotland and this financial benefit outweighed any fears about the potential French invasion.