Foreign Policy Flashcards
What were Henry VII’s foreign policy aims?
To secure his succession, national security, to improve trade and to avoid war
What were some truces signed in 1485 and 1486 with foreign powers?
A one year truce with France in 1485 and a three year truce with Scotland in 1486
What was renewed in 1487?
A treaty with Maximillian, who was heir to the Holy Roman Empire
What was the Treaty of Medina del Campo?
A treaty signed with Spain in March 1489, and arguably Henry VII’s most significant foreign policy agreements
What were some benefits of the Treaty of Medina Del Campo?
A marriage was arranged for Arthur and Catherine of Aragon, and if either country was at war with France, the other would intervene
What was the Breton Crisis?
An event where France attempted to take Brittany, which would have strengthened France as they would have had control of almost the entire southern shore of the channel, leading to military intervention from England, although Henry didn’t want to go to war and antagonise the French
What was the Treaty of Redon?
It was signed with Brittany in 1489, where Henry agreed to send 6,000 troops that were paid for by the Bretons to help their defence
When did Brittany fall into French hands?
1491
What was Henry VII’s response to the French invasion of Brittany?
Henry asserted his claim to the French throne in October 1492, which was timed well as it was towards the end of the campaign season and Charles VIII wanted to make quick peace, resulting in the Treaty of Etaples
What was the Treaty of Etaples?
Signed in November 1492, Henry would receive an annual pension of £5,000 per year, along with France promising not to aid Warbeck
When did Henry join the Holy League and why was this beneficial?
He joined the Holy league in 1496 and this was beneficial as relations strengthened with Ferdinand, the King of Spain, and Maximillian
What was the Truce of Ayton and why was this significant?
It was signed in 1498 with Scotland and was significant as it was the first treaty between England and Scotland since 1328
What did the Treaty of Perpetual Peace lead to?
It led to the marriage of Margaret to James IV
Why was there still some tension between England and Scotland?
Scotland did not abandon the Auld alliance with France and brother raids continued, and James IV expanded his navy, increasing tensions
How did Medina del Campo help Henry VII gain recognition as the rightful king?
Spain promised not to support rebels as a result of it
What did Magnus Intercursus do to help Henry VII gain dynastic security?
Burgundy agreed not to support Warbeck in Magnus Intercursus in 1496
When did Henry capture de la Pole and why?
He captured him in 1506 after Malus Intercursus was signed with Burgundy after Philip’s death
What possible marriage plans were made that never materialised?
Henry to Margaret of Austria, Henry to Eleanor and Mary to Charles
What was the League of Cambrai?
It was signed in 1508 and left Henry isolated as he was not invited, but it was not anti-English so not a complete failure
How did Medina del Campo support trade?
It allowed the export of goods from Spain in foreign ships
How did the Navigation Acts boost finances?
Income from custom revenue rose from £33,000 in 1485 to £40,000 in 1509
How did Spain restrict England’s trade?
They did not allow England access to trade in the new World
What was a benefit of Magnus Intercursus for trade?
It allowed English merchants to sell their goods anywhere in Philip’s lands except Flanders without paying tolls or customs
Why was Malus Intercursus brought up?
In 1506 Philip of Burgundy was forced to seek shelter from storms in England and wanted support against Spain
What happened to English cloth trade across the period?
It stayed the same
Why was the Hanseatic League a failure?
It was in the baltic States and tried to limit their trade privilege that Edward IV had agreed, but was forced into a settlement in 1504 as Henry worried that the Hans would give support to de la Pole
What happened to Malus Intercursus?
It was unpopular with Burgundy as it was so favourable to English merchants that it was never implemented
Why was there a trade embargo with Burgundy?
A trade embargo was imposed between 1493 and 1496 as they were supporting Warbeck
