Foreign Policy

Question 1

When did the War of Devolution begin and end?

Answer 1

1667-8

Question 2

When did the Dutch war begin and end?

Answer 2

1672-79

Question 3

When did The Reunions begin and end?

Answer 3

1679-42

Question 4

When did the nine years war start and end?

Answer 4

1688-97

Question 5

When did the War of Spanish Succession begin and end?

Answer 5

1702-14

Question 6

Which treaty ended the 30 years war between France and the HRE?

Answer 6

• The treaty of Westphalia in 1648.
• France gained the bishoprics of Metz, Toul, Breisach and Verdun, and the right to garrison Philippsburg. It helped France secure her borders.

Question 7

Which treaty resolved the conflict between Spain and France after the 30 years war?

Answer 7

• Peace if the Pyrenees 1659.
• Louis gained Artois, parts of Hainault and of Luxembourg.
• A marriage was arranged between Louis and the Infanta of Spain, Maria Theresa, daughter of Philip IV.

Question 8

Which treaty ended the War of Devolution?

Answer 8

• Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle 1668.
• The war was over claims for his wife’s inheritance.
• Louis kept twelve fortified towns ob the borders if the Spanish Netherlands but withdrew from the Franche-Comté.
• Vauvon expertly fortified these towns Louis had retained.

Question 9

Which treaty concluded the Dutch War?

Answer 9

• The treaty of Nymegen 1679.
• Louis received Franche-Comté in return for evacuating the Spanish Netherlands, including Ypres.
• France lost the right to garrison Philippsburg, though it gained Freiburg, thus preserving a bridge across the Rhine.

Question 10

Which treaty ended The Reunions?

Answer 10

• The Truce of Ratisbon 1684.

- French possession of Strasbourg and the important fortress of Luxembourg were recognised.

Question 11

Which treaty ended the nine years war?

Answer 11

• The Peace if Ryswick 1697.
• He kept Strasbourg but lost most other conquests made after 1679 after the Treaty of Nymegen.
• France withdrew from the right bank of the Rhine.
• William III was recognised as King of England.

Question 12

Which treaty ended the War of Spanish Succession?

Answer 12

• Treaty of Utrecht 1713. Between France and everyone but HRE.
• Treaty of Rastatt 1714. Between HRE and France.

Question 13

When did the thirty years war begin and end?

Answer 13

1618-48

Question 14

What happened in 1688, the turning point year in the 9 years war?

Answer 14

• Louis invaded the Palatinate, freeing William up to go to England, as he knew the United Provinces would not be under threat from Louis.
• James II has a son- A catholic heir.
• William takes the throne in England after the Glorious Revolution.

Question 15

Opposition causes to Louis during the 9 years war?

Answer 15

• England and the united Provinces were now a united power, forming two Protestant countries with a hatred of Louis.
• The holy roman emperor was also no longer fighting the Turks in the East and so could focus on internal European affairs.
• Louis’ exploitation of the Siege of Vienna gave the HRE a reason to dislike him.
• The revocation of the Edict of Nantes 1685 inspired hate for Louis amongst the Protestant powers. It also helped their economies grow as skilled Huguenots fled to them.

Question 16

In the nine years war how many troops did Louis supply James II with?

Answer 16

• 6,000 troops.

- However William’s army defeated them in the Battle of the Boyne in 1690.

Question 17

Why did piece come in 1697 (nine years war)?

Answer 17

• Both sides were exhausted, financially and militarily.
• William had been taken aback by the neutralisation of Italy, which allowed Louis to concentrate his forces on Flanders, reinforced by his new ally, Savoy. There was a severe bank crisis in London. From Canada, reports came of French victories over the English settlements.
• Negotiations were facilitated by Louis’ attitude. After years of war, he was willing to make concessions if peace could be obtained by no other terms. The approaching death of Carlos II made Louis keen to establish a friendly Europe to assist his assertion of a claim to the Spanish Succession, and he needed peace to build up a new army- the issue of the Spanish succession would undoubtedly start a war.

Question 18

What were the gains for France in the 9 years war?

Answer 18

• A series of French victories, including the capture of Barcelona, allowed Louis to gain slightly better terms than he had hoped for.
• Retained Strasbourg.
• There was to be no Protestant conversions in the Territories Louis had given back.

Question 19

What were the loess for France in the 9 years war?

Answer 19

• Surrendered all possessions gained since Nymegen, e.g Truer, Freuburg and most of all Lorraine.
• Luxembourg was returned to Spain, as well as Catalonia, Ath, Charleroi etc.
• Louis abandoned his candidates in the Palatinate succession and cologne election.
• The commercial tarrif was mitigated in favour if the Dutch.
• The Dutch were able to garrison a line of fortresses in the Spanish Netherlands.
• William III was recognised as King of England.

Question 20

Who signed the Treaty of Ryswick?

Answer 20

• The treaties were signed by France, England, the United Provinces and Spain.
• Leopoldo was reluctant to recognise French possession of Strasbourg but the signed the following month.
• William of Orange had emerged from the Treaty triumphant. He had secured his possession of England, thwarted the French, and improved the security of the united provinces.
• France had not made any demands on Spain, as she would need her on her side should Louis stand a chance if gaining Spanish Succession.