Foreign policy

Question 1

What was Henry VII’s foreign policy aims?

Answer 1

1. To maintain good relations with European powers (thus allowing him to consolidate his power at home)
2. To gain international recognition for the tudor dynasty
3. To maintain national security
4. To defend English trading interests

Question 2

What was the Treaty of Redon and why did Henry VII sign it?

Answer 2

Treaty of Redon- Henry agreed to support the claim of Duke Francis’ young daughter, Duchess Anne, although he was anxious not to antagonise the French

He signed it so the French would not take the duchy of Brittany the last independent area within France

Question 3

What happened during the invasion of France in 1492?

Answer 3

Charles was more interested in invading Italy than fighting the English, Henry invaded France with 26,000 men and the French rapidly sought peace

Question 4

What was agreed in the Treaty of Etaples (1492)?

Answer 4

Charles agreed that he would no longer assist any pretenders to the English throne. Henry was also to receive 745,000 crowns per annum of 50,000 (5% of Henry’s annual income)

Question 5

Why did Henry break trade relations with Burgundy in 1493?

Answer 5

• The Netherlands had been under the control of Burgundy: Margaret Burgundy was Edward IV’s sister, she ruled as protecter with the duke being Maximilian (became holy roman emperor in 1493). His son Phillip also ruled areas
• Margaret, Maximilian and Philip all supported the pretenders to Henry’s throne: Lambert Simnel and Perkins Warbeck
• following this Henry broke trade relations with Burgundy (he was more concerned with dynastic security than commercial interests/ trade)

Question 6

What was agreed at the Intercursus Magnus (1496)?

Answer 6

Henry VII and Phillip IV agreed to end the trade embargo between Burgundy and Margaret recognised Henry’s position as kind

Question 7

What was agreed at the Treaty of Windsor (1506)?

Answer 7

• Henry entertained Phillip and Juana (Spanish)
• Treaty of Windsor: Henry recognised Phillip’s claim to Castile, agreed to assist each other against rebels
• Trade treaty: became known as the Intercursus Malus (‘evil intercourse’) by the flemish due to it being over-generous to England
• Phillip handed over the Yorkist earl of Suffolk, who had been sheltering in Burgundy.
• A marriage treaty was arranged between Henry VII and Phillip’s sister Margaret (never happened)

Question 8

Why did the Treaty of Windsor (1506) fail?

Answer 8

• Trade treaty: became known as the Intercrsus Malus (‘evil intercourse’) by the flemish due to it being over-generous to England
• Phillip died in September and Margaret became the governor, and disapproved if the trade treaty so was never implimented

Question 9

What was agreed at the Treaty of Medina del Campo (1489)?

Answer 9

A marriage alliance between Catherine of Aragon (Ferdinand and Isabella’s youngest daughter) and Prince Arthur

Question 10

When did Arthur marry Catherine of Aragon?

Answer 10

1501

Question 11

When did Arthur Tudor die?

Answer 11

1502

Question 12

Why was the marriage between Henry Tudor and Catherine of Aragon jeopardised?

Answer 12

Isabella died in 1504, Henry supported the claim of Juana (married to Phillip IV) to succeed in Castile

Question 13

What did Scotland do in 1496?

Answer 13

James IV supported the pretender Perkin Warbeck and provided a small army to invade England in 1496. War threatened.

Question 14

What was agreed at the Treaty of Ayton (1497) and the Treaty of Perpetual Peace (1502)?

Answer 14

England and Scotland made a truce and James IV married Henry’s daughter Margaret to seal the truce