Foreign Developments: Military in the 1950s, The Berlin Wall and Cuba Flashcards
What was the situation for America and nuclear weapons from 1945 to 1949?
America were the only nation with nuclear weapons
What year did the USSR successfully test their own atomic bomb?
1949
What year did the USA make their own hydrogen bomb?
1954
What nuclear missile did America create in 1947?
Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
What was the situation for USSR H-Bomb development by the time the USA had made a hydrogen bomb?
The USSR had made a hydrogen bomb before the USA
How long before the USA had the USSR made their own ICBM’s?
1 month before
How much money did the USA spend a year on their military in the 1950s?
$50 billion
What percentage of foreign aid sent by America went to military spending?
90%
Which computer company was created due to 1950s American defence spending?
IBM
What did IBM make in 1953?
A computer
What year did Khrushchev start to restrict Western access into East Berlin?
1958
What year was the Berlin Wall made?
1961
What percentage of the East Berlin population had left the region before the Berlin Wall was created?
20%
How far away were Soviet and American tanks from each other at one point in 1961?
30 metres away from each other
How did Khrushchev feel he could act with Kennedy?
Khrushchev felt he could bully Kennedy
Who became the leader of Cuba in 1959?
Fidel Castro
After the alliance between Cuba and the USSR was created, what did Khrushchev start putting into Cuba?
Intercontinental ballistic missiles
How far off the south coast of Florida was Cuba?
90 miles
How did America economically sanction Cuba in 1960 for their revolution?
America stopped importing Cuban sugar
Which nation did Cuba look to for economic help after the American sugar sanction?
The USSR
How many Cuban exiles did Kennedy get together to fight and try to reclaim Cuba?
1000 exiles
How many troops did Castro have in his army?
20,000 troops
What was the name for Kennedy’s attack on Cuba done by Cuban exiles?
Bay of Pigs
What was the result of the Bay of Pigs for Kennedy?
It was a failure
What year did the Bay of Pigs event happen?
1961
What did Castro declare for Cuba in December 1961?
Castro declared that Cuba was a Communist nation
What year did Khrushchev start to put ICBM’s in Cuba?
1962
What crisis was created after Khrushchev put missiles in Cuba?
Cuban Missile Crisis
Which Doctrine did Kennedy bring up with the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Monroe Doctrine
What did the Monroe Doctrine say?
No other nations were allowed to intervene in areas of American interest
When did the Cuban Missile Crisis start? (To the month)
October 1962
What did Kennedy do with some ships at the start of the Cuban missile crisis?
Make a blockade around Cuba
What did some military officers advise Kennedy do during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Bomb Cuban military bases
What deal did Khrushchev make with Kennedy in the Cuban Missile Crisis?
The USSR would remove missiles from Cuba if the USA removed missiles from Turkey
What condition did Kennedy add to Khrushchev’s ICBM withdrawal from Cuba?
America would covertly remove missiles from Turkey
What was the result of the deal Khrushchev and Kennedy made to bring an end to the Cuban Missile Crisis?
They both agreed to it
Why was a “hot line” created for the President and the leader of the USSR after the Cuban Missile Crisis?
To allow for quicker communication
What did the USSR commit themselves to with the missile gap after the Cuban Missile Crisis?
They committed themselves to closing the missile gap
What did the 1963 Test Ban Treaty do?
It banned the testing of nuclear weapons
What did Khrushchev and Kennedy agree to with nuclear weapons in 1963?
Test Ban Treaty
By what year had the USSR closed the missile gap?
1970
What year did Johnson and Brezhnev have a meeting that started detente?
1967
