Foreign Affairs and their impacts on the changes to the Church (c.1536)

Question 1

Which three Catholic powers wanted to ensure return of England to Catholicism?

Answer 1

• Pope
• France
• HRE

Question 2

In 1538, what did the Pope do?

Answer 2

• he called on the Catholic powers of Europe to mount a crusade to return Church in England to Rome

Question 3

In the Habsburg-Valois conflict, did England traditionally support?

Answer 3

• England traditionally supported the HRE

Question 4

Why did England traditionally support the HRE in the Habsburg-Valois conflict?

Answer 4

• they were a natural ally due to trade links with the Netherlands

Question 5

Why did Henry turn to Francis I when he started his search for an annulment?

Answer 5

• he encouragement the annulment and potential remarriage

Question 6

When did war break out between Charles V and Francis I? Why?

Answer 6

• 1536

- over Milan

Question 7

Why didn’t Henry exploit France’s vulnerability when war broke out between Francis and Charles in 1536?

Answer 7

• he was forced to use his military resources in the Pilgrimage of Grace (domestic discontentment in England)

Question 8

What was the foreign situation considered to be deteriorating for England in 1538?

Answer 8

• there was a declaration of a 10 year truce between Francis and Charles (The Treaty of Nice)

Question 9

Why did Cromwell begin to search for allies in Germany?

Answer 9

• he saw the Treaty of Nice as a massive threat to England

Question 10

What was the name of the several Protestant German Princes that Cromwell negotiated with?

Answer 10

• Schmalkaldic league

Question 11

Who did Henry send to France and who did he send to the Imperial court?

Answer 11

• the Duke of Norfolk to France

- Sir Thomas Wyatt to the Imperial court

Question 12

In 1538, there was such a great threat from HRE and France. What did Henry do?

Answer 12

• began to fortify against coming war

- members of Pole and Courtenay family executed (worried about Catholic challenge to throne)

Question 13

How does Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon relate to foreign policy?

Answer 13

• it was part of the attempt to solidify the anti-French alliance (Henry was anti-French because he wanted to regain the former French territories)