Foregrounding in language deviation Flashcards
Stylistics=
description & interpretation of distinctive ling choices & patterns in texts
foregrounding>
psychological phenomenon by which a stretch of text is perceived as particularly salient , surprising, memorable, interesting etc
2 ways to achieve foregrounding>
- deviation
- paralllelism
deviation=
breaking of conventional expectations about lang use
parallelism=
the creation of linguistic patterns
defamiliarisation=
making us look afresh at familiar things by making them ‘unfamiliar’
deviation at different linguistic levels>
- graphological
- grammar
- semantics
- lexis
graphological deviation=
visual appearance of written text on page (i.e. spelling, font layout)
grammatical deviation=
to do with going against typical constructions of structure (phrases, clauses & sentences)
semantic deviation=
meaning relationships within phrases, clauses, sentences & texts which are logically incosistent or paradoxical in some way
lexical deviation=
> to do with structure and use of individual words
can involcve, functional conversion & derviation; also take words associated with 1 variety of eng & inserting into another
most extreme example of lexical deviance=
neologisms
stylistics (or secondary) deviation>
genre links (expectation of genre)
>can adhere, mix or deviate
discoursal deviation
> can be to do with voice/world
lingusitic behaviour at discoursal level has norms (i.e. speeches and ‘in conc, and’; in media res as unusual)
deviant worlds>
contains elements we dont see as real; can be escapist (takes away from whats possible in real world)
3 parts of the ‘essential core of criticism’>
description>interpretation>evaluation
parallelism rule=
when the reader searches for meaning constructions between the parallel structures
lexical grouping=
e.g. wish, desire, wants
cohesion of foregrounding=
examining foregrounded parts & providing interpretation for what links these together
deviant voice=
> who has the voice/speaker as unusual
i.e. if speaker is ‘dead’ then deviant voice
types of grammatical deviation=
> rearranging word order
list construction
types of morphological deviation=
> unusual suffixes/affixes
shifting around word boundaries (elongating/elision)
types of phonological & graphological deviation>
-misspellings
-capitalisation
-punctuation
external deviation=
deviation from some norm which is external to the text
