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A&P II - Exam 1 > Forearm, Hand, Wrist > Flashcards

Forearm, Hand, Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

what 2 muscles supinate the forearm

A

biceps brachii

supinator

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2
Q

what muscles pronate the forearm

A

pronator teres

quadratus

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3
Q

what are the anterior flexor groups of the forearm

A

digital

thumb

wrist

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4
Q

what are the digital flexor muscles

A

superficial digital flexors

profunda digital flexors

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5
Q

what is the thumb flexor

A

flexor pollicis longus

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6
Q

what is the wrist flexor

A

flexor carpi radialis

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7
Q

what is the abductor of the thumb

A

abductor pollicis longus

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8
Q

what are the posterior extensor groups of the forearm

A

digital

thumb (pollicis)

wrist (carpi)

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9
Q

what are the digital extensor muscles

A

extensor digitorium

extensor digiti minimi

extensor indicis

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10
Q

what are the thumb extensors

A

extensor pollicis longus

extensor pollicis brevis

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11
Q

what are the extensors of the wrist

A

extensor carpi radialis longus

extensor carpi radialis brevis

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12
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome is compression of the

A

median n in the carpal tunnel

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13
Q

what are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

pain

numbness

tingling in the thumb, index, and middle finger - and thumb side of ring finger

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14
Q

what muscles are affected in carpal tunnel syndrome

A

thenar eminence muscles →

abductor pollicis brevis

flexor pollicis brevis

opponens pollicis

ABOF of ABOF

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15
Q

the anterior muscles of the forearm are divided into

A

intermediate

middle

superficialis

deep/profundus

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16
Q

which layer of of forearm muscles is the insertion for the distal phalanges

A

deep (profundus)

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17
Q

which layer of forearm muscles is the insertion for the middle phalanges

A

intermediate/middle/superficialis

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18
Q

what is the camper’s chiasm

A

the split that the profunda tendons go through

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19
Q

a supracondylar fracture can cause ischemia to the

A

anterior (flexor) compartment of the forearm

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20
Q

when would you see a “fat pad” sign on xray

A

radial fx

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21
Q

what is nursemaid’s elbow

A

subluxation of the radial head from the anular ligament

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22
Q

what is epicondylitis

A

inflammation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis

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23
Q

in compartment syndrome, you would see the 6 p’s with

A

passive extension of the compartment

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24
Q

the brachial artery is palpable along the length of the

A

anterior compartment of the forearm

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25
which artery is used to measure blood pressure
brachial artery
26
at what landmark does the axillary vein become the basilic vein
clavicopectoral fossa
27
what 2 structures form the cubital fossa
brachioradialis pronator teres
28
what are the contents of the cubital fossa
tendon and aponeurosis of biceps brachii brachial artery median nerve median cubital vein
29
what is monteggia's fx
fracture of proximal third of ulna and anterior dislocation of the radius at the elbow
30
what is galleazzi's fracture
fracture of distal third of radius and sublucation of the distal head of the ulna
31
what is colle's fracture
fracture if distal radius w. dorsal displacement of distal fragments
32
what is the TFCC
triangular fibrocartilage complex → articular disc btw distal radius, ulna, and wrist joint
33
what is the fxn and clinical significance of the TFCC
it stabilizes the radioulnar joint → tears can be painful and troublesome
34
the hand articulates primarily with the
radius
35
where do the extensors of the wrist and fingers originate
lateral epicondyle of the humerus
36
where do the flexors of the wrist and gingers originate
medial epicondyle of the humerus
37
the superficial muscles of the forearm originate from the
medial epicondyle
38
what are the superficial flexors of the forearm
flexor carpi radialis palmar longus pronator teres flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum superficialis
39
what are the deep flexor muscles of the forearm
flexor digitorum profundus flexor pollicis longus pronator qudratus
40
the dorsal compartment of the arm contains the
extensors
41
all of the extensors of the forearm are innervated by the
radial nerve
42
what are the superficial extensors of the forearm
extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi ulnaris brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis longus
43
what are the deep extensors of the forearm
supinator abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor pollicis longus extensor indici
44
carpal tunnel syndrome involves loss of __ muscle fxn and mass and is characterized by a positive __ sign
thenar tinel's
45
what is the anatomical snuff box
extensor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis abductor pollicis longus
46
what is the medial border of the anatomical snuff box
extensor pollicis longus
47
what is the lateral border of the anatomical snuff box
extensor pollicis brevis abductor pollicis longus
48
what is the proximal border of the anatomical snuff box
radial styloid
49
what is the floor of the anatomical snuff box
trapezium scaphoid
50
what vein overlies the anatomical snuff box
cephalic
51
what muscles are responsible for the “tata” sign
lumbrical
52
what nerves innervates the lumbrical muscles
ulnar n medial n
53
what structure allows for flexion at the MCP joints while maintaining extension of the interphalangeal joints
extensor hoods
54
the __ nerve does not innervate intrinsic hand muscles
radial
55
what 2 muscle groups are innervated by the median n instead of the ulnar n
thenar muscles lateral lumbrical
56
what are the muscles of the thumb
extensor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis abductor pollicis longus flexor pollicis longus
57
what n innervates the hypothenar muscles
ulnar n
58
what nerve is the flexor, pronator, and thumb to finger approximator nerve
ulnar
59
why is the median nerve to the thenar muscles known as the million dollar nerve
damage to his nerve during surgery can lead to a million dollar law suit
60
which artery supplies the deep palmar arch
radial
61
which artery supplies the superficial palmar arch
ulnar
62
what nerve runs alongside the ulnar artery
median
63
what n descends between the brachialis m and brachioradialis m
radial n
64
what nerve runs posteromedial through the cubital tunnel
ulnar
65
what fracture can cause median n and/or brachial artery damage if displaced medially and radial n injury if displaced laterally
supracondylar fracture
66
what n runs through the medial epicondyle
ulnar
67
what n can become trapped in the cubital tunnel causing numbness, tingling, and proximal n findings
ulnar
68
little leaguers elbow causes damage to the \_\_ 2/2 to \_\_
medial epicondyle tension on forearm flexor muscles
69
golfers elbow is damage to the \_\_ 2/2 to
medial epicondyle overload of flexor pronator group
70
tennis elbow is caused by partial tears of the \_\_
extensor group of tendons +/- partial avulsion of radial collateral ligament
71
what is smith's fx
fx of the distal radial metaphysis
72
what are the 3 functional joints of the wrist
radia-carpal joint mid-carpal joint carpal-metacarpal joint
73
which carpal row is the scaphoid attached to
both!
74
why is the scaphoid prone to fracture
it is attached to both carpal rows so it moves with flexion and extension → can break w. hyperextension and/or hyperflexion
75
where does the scaphoid bone fx
at its waist
76
what is the most sensitive imaging to detect scaphoid fx
MRI
77
how does avascular necrosis occur after a scaphoid fx
fx cuts off blood supply to the proximal scaphoid bone
78
what artery supplies the scaphoid bone
radial
79
the deep arch is supplied by the __ artery, which supplies the
radial thumb and lateral index finger
80
the superficial arch is supplied by the __ artery, which supplies the
ulnar medial index finger; 3rd, 4th, 5th fingers
81
what artery creates the deep palmar arch
radial artery
82
what artery creates the superficial palmar arch
ulnar artery
83
what artery supplies the dorsal arch
radial
84
what test give you information as to which arch is dominant
allen's test
85
what is hypothenar hammer syndrome
repetitive trauma to the heel of the hand (ex construction worker) → reduced blood flow and ischemia to 3th, 4th, 5th fingers → numb, cool, cyanosis, delayed cap refill, thrombosis, obstruction of ulnar n
86
what tests allows you to see ulnar artery thrombosis in hypothenar syndrome
arteriogram

A&P II - Exam 1 (3 decks)

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