Forearm, Hand, Wrist Flashcards
what 2 muscles supinate the forearm
biceps brachii
supinator
what muscles pronate the forearm
pronator teres
quadratus
what are the anterior flexor groups of the forearm
digital
thumb
wrist
what are the digital flexor muscles
superficial digital flexors
profunda digital flexors
what is the thumb flexor
flexor pollicis longus
what is the wrist flexor
flexor carpi radialis
what is the abductor of the thumb
abductor pollicis longus
what are the posterior extensor groups of the forearm
digital
thumb (pollicis)
wrist (carpi)
what are the digital extensor muscles
extensor digitorium
extensor digiti minimi
extensor indicis
what are the thumb extensors
extensor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
what are the extensors of the wrist
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
carpal tunnel syndrome is compression of the
median n in the carpal tunnel
what are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome
pain
numbness
tingling in the thumb, index, and middle finger - and thumb side of ring finger
what muscles are affected in carpal tunnel syndrome
thenar eminence muscles →
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis
ABOF of ABOF
the anterior muscles of the forearm are divided into
intermediate
middle
superficialis
deep/profundus
which layer of of forearm muscles is the insertion for the distal phalanges
deep (profundus)
which layer of forearm muscles is the insertion for the middle phalanges
intermediate/middle/superficialis
what is the camper’s chiasm
the split that the profunda tendons go through
a supracondylar fracture can cause ischemia to the
anterior (flexor) compartment of the forearm
when would you see a “fat pad” sign on xray
radial fx
what is nursemaid’s elbow
subluxation of the radial head from the anular ligament
what is epicondylitis
inflammation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
in compartment syndrome, you would see the 6 p’s with
passive extension of the compartment
the brachial artery is palpable along the length of the
anterior compartment of the forearm
which artery is used to measure blood pressure
brachial artery
at what landmark does the axillary vein become the basilic vein
clavicopectoral fossa
what 2 structures form the cubital fossa
brachioradialis
pronator teres
what are the contents of the cubital fossa
tendon and aponeurosis of biceps brachii
brachial artery
median nerve
median cubital vein
what is monteggia’s fx
fracture of proximal third of ulna and anterior dislocation of the radius at the elbow
what is galleazzi’s fracture
fracture of distal third of radius and sublucation of the distal head of the ulna
what is colle’s fracture
fracture if distal radius w. dorsal displacement of distal fragments
what is the TFCC
triangular fibrocartilage complex → articular disc btw distal radius, ulna, and wrist joint
what is the fxn and clinical significance of the TFCC
it stabilizes the radioulnar joint → tears can be painful and troublesome
the hand articulates primarily with the
radius
where do the extensors of the wrist and fingers originate
lateral epicondyle of the humerus
where do the flexors of the wrist and gingers originate
medial epicondyle of the humerus
the superficial muscles of the forearm originate from the
medial epicondyle
what are the superficial flexors of the forearm
flexor carpi radialis
palmar longus
pronator teres
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis
what are the deep flexor muscles of the forearm
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator qudratus
the dorsal compartment of the arm contains the
extensors
all of the extensors of the forearm are innervated by the
radial nerve
what are the superficial extensors of the forearm
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
what are the deep extensors of the forearm
supinator
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
extensor indici
carpal tunnel syndrome involves loss of __ muscle fxn and mass
and is characterized by a positive __ sign
thenar
tinel’s
what is the anatomical snuff box
extensor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis longus
what is the medial border of the anatomical snuff box
extensor pollicis longus
what is the lateral border of the anatomical snuff box
extensor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis longus
what is the proximal border of the anatomical snuff box
radial styloid
what is the floor of the anatomical snuff box
trapezium
scaphoid
what vein overlies the anatomical snuff box
cephalic
what muscles are responsible for the “tata” sign
lumbrical
what nerves innervates the lumbrical muscles
ulnar n
medial n
what structure allows for flexion at the MCP joints while maintaining extension of the interphalangeal joints
extensor hoods
the __ nerve does not innervate intrinsic hand muscles
radial
what 2 muscle groups are innervated by the median n instead of the ulnar n
thenar muscles
lateral lumbrical
what are the muscles of the thumb
extensor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis longus
flexor pollicis longus
what n innervates the hypothenar muscles
ulnar n
what nerve is the flexor, pronator, and thumb to finger approximator nerve
ulnar
why is the median nerve to the thenar muscles known as the million dollar nerve
damage to his nerve during surgery can lead to a million dollar law suit
which artery supplies the deep palmar arch
radial
which artery supplies the superficial palmar arch
ulnar
what nerve runs alongside the ulnar artery
median
what n descends between the brachialis m and brachioradialis m
radial n
what nerve runs posteromedial through the cubital tunnel
ulnar
what fracture can cause median n and/or brachial artery damage if displaced medially and radial n injury if displaced laterally
supracondylar fracture
what n runs through the medial epicondyle
ulnar
what n can become trapped in the cubital tunnel causing numbness, tingling, and proximal n findings
ulnar
little leaguers elbow causes damage to the __
2/2 to __
medial epicondyle
tension on forearm flexor muscles
golfers elbow is damage to the __
2/2 to
medial epicondyle
overload of flexor pronator group
tennis elbow is caused by partial tears of the __
extensor group of tendons
+/- partial avulsion of radial collateral ligament
what is smith’s fx
fx of the distal radial metaphysis
what are the 3 functional joints of the wrist
radia-carpal joint
mid-carpal joint
carpal-metacarpal joint
which carpal row is the scaphoid attached to
both!
why is the scaphoid prone to fracture
it is attached to both carpal rows so it moves with flexion and extension → can break w. hyperextension and/or hyperflexion
where does the scaphoid bone fx
at its waist
what is the most sensitive imaging to detect scaphoid fx
MRI
how does avascular necrosis occur after a scaphoid fx
fx cuts off blood supply to the proximal scaphoid bone
what artery supplies the scaphoid bone
radial
the deep arch is supplied by the __ artery, which supplies the
radial
thumb and lateral index finger
the superficial arch is supplied by the __ artery,
which supplies the
ulnar
medial index finger; 3rd, 4th, 5th fingers
what artery creates the deep palmar arch
radial artery
what artery creates the superficial palmar arch
ulnar artery
what artery supplies the dorsal arch
radial
what test give you information as to which arch is dominant
allen’s test
what is hypothenar hammer syndrome
repetitive trauma to the heel of the hand (ex construction worker) → reduced blood flow and ischemia to 3th, 4th, 5th fingers → numb, cool, cyanosis, delayed cap refill, thrombosis, obstruction of ulnar n
what tests allows you to see ulnar artery thrombosis in hypothenar syndrome
arteriogram
