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Earth Science > Forces That Shape The Earth > Flashcards

Forces That Shape The Earth Flashcards

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1
Q

Stress

A

Force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume; adds potential, or stored energy, to rock until it changes shape or breaks

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2
Q

Three different types of stress

A

Tension
Compression
Shearing

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3
Q

Tension

A

Pulls on the crust, stretching rock so it becomes thinner in the middle

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4
Q

Compression

A

Squeezes rock until it folds or breaks

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5
Q

Shearing

A

Pushes a mass of rock in two opposite dirrections

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6
Q

Strain

A

A change in the shape of a rock caused by stress

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7
Q

Two types of Strain

A

Elastic strain

Plastic strain

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8
Q

Elastic strain

A

Change in rock that is NOT permanent; when stress is removed rock goes back to original shape

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9
Q

Plastic strain

A

Creates a permanent change in the shape of a rock; usually occurs when rocks are weak or hot

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10
Q

Landforms created by compression

A

Mountain ranges
Ocean trenches
Volcanic arcs

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11
Q

Mountain ranges

A

Collision between two continental plates

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12
Q

Ocean trenches

A

One plate goes under another during collision forming a deep trench where two plates meet

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13
Q

Volcanic arcs

A

Curved line of volcanoes that forms parallel to plate boundaries

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14
Q

Landforms created by Tension

A

Mid-ocean ridges

Continental rifts

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15
Q

Mid-ocean ridges

A

Tension causes oceanic crust to spread allowing hot rock from mantle to rise creating high ridges

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16
Q

Continental rifts

A

When divergent boundaries occur within continent, they cause enormous splits in the crust

17
Q

Landforms created by Shearing

A

Transform faults

Fault zones

18
Q

Transform faults

A

When plates slide horizontally past each other they form a fault, or a break in the rock of the crust

19
Q

Fault zones

A

An area of many fractured pieces of crust along a large fault

Earth Science (11 decks)

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