Forces of the Cell

Question 1

what would happen to a cell if it was frozen?

Answer 1

the water inside the cell would expand and this would cause the cell to burst

Question 2

what are the properties of water?

Answer 2

covalent, cohesive, allows transient reactions, polar and hydrophilic and hydrophobic

Question 3

what would happen inside a cell if all bonding was permanent?

Answer 3

the cell would die as molecules would not be a able to break from one to another

Question 4

how does the hydrogen bonding in DNA relate to its function?

Answer 4

they are transient and so they can be broken in order for the DNA strands to seperate

Question 5

how does the phosphodiester bonds in DNA relate to its function?

Answer 5

creates the sugar-phosphate backbone and are permanent so that it is not easily broken

Question 6

what are intramolecular interactions?

Answer 6

interactions between different parts of the same molecule

Question 7

what are intermolecular interactions?

Answer 7

interactions between different molecules

Question 8

how much energy is in covalent bonds?

Answer 8

150-1000 kJ

Question 9

how much energy is stored in ionic bonds?

Answer 9

250 kJ

Question 10

how much energy is stored in dispersion forces?

Answer 10

2 kJ

Question 11

how much energy is stored in dipole-dipole bonds?

Answer 11

2 kJ

Question 12

how much energy is stored in H bonding?

Answer 12

20 kJ

Question 13

what do ionic and covalent bonds both show?

Answer 13

polarity in their bonds

Question 14

what is electronegativity?

Answer 14

chemical property that determines the tendency of an atom to attract a pair of electrons

Question 15

are hydrophobic interactions polar and non-polar?

Answer 15

non-polar

Question 16

what are dispersion forces?

Answer 16

temporary attractive force between two areas of opposite charge

Question 17

what are van Der Waals forces?

Answer 17

distance-dependant interactions

Question 18

which forces are VDW forces?

Answer 18

dispersion forces, dipolar interactions and steric repulsion

Question 19

what are permanent dipole interactions?

Answer 19

electrostatic interactions between permanent dipoles

Question 20

what is the difference between ionic bonding and permanent dipole interactions?

Answer 20

ionic bonding has a full opposite charge but dipole is only a partial opposite charge

Question 21

what is steric repulsion?

Answer 21

repulsion between two molecules that are in close range

Question 22

what is an example of a dipolar interaction?

Answer 22

H bonding

Question 23

what things does H bonding depend on?

Answer 23

fluorine, oxygen and nitrogen

Question 24

what are ionic forces?

Answer 24

attractive forces between fully positive and fully negative forces