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physics paper 2 > forces > Flashcards

forces Flashcards

1
Q

scalar quantities

A

has only a magnitude

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2
Q

vector quantities

A

has a magnitude and direction

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3
Q

velocity quantity

A

vector (shows direction + speed)

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4
Q

what are arrows used for?

A

used to show vector quantities

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5
Q

arrow length and arrow point =

A

magnitude and direction

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6
Q

forces are … quantities

A

vector quantities

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7
Q

force=

A

occurs when 2 or more objects interact

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8
Q

contact force

A

usually touching

people

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9
Q

non contact force

A

not touching

gravity

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10
Q

contact force examples:

A
  • friction
  • air resistance
  • tension
  • normal contact
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11
Q

non-contact force examples:

A
  • gravitational force
  • electrostatic force
  • magnetic force
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12
Q

mass is related

A

to the amount of matter it contains and is constant

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13
Q

weight

A

force acting on an object due to gravity

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14
Q

WEIGHT=

A

MASS x GRAVITATIONAL FIELD STRENGTH

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15
Q

resultant forces-

A

when more than 1 force acts on an object

seen as a single force

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16
Q

vector diagrams are used

A

to show the overall effect when more than one force adds on an object

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17
Q

in vector diagrams:

A

forces are added together to find a single resultant force

magnitude and direction

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18
Q

scale vector diagrams

A

also used when force is acting in a diagonal direction

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19
Q

when a force causes an object to move…

A

work is done on the object

- because it requires energy to move the object

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20
Q

WORK DONE=

A

FORCE x DISTANCE

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21
Q

displacement =

A

movement of the object

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22
Q

to change shape of an object…

A

more than 1 force has to be applied

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23
Q

elastically formed=

A

if the object returns to its original shape after forces removed

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24
Q

inelastically formed=

A

if object does not return to its original shape after forces removed

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25
the extension of an object =
directly proportional to the applied force
26
once limit of proportionality has been exceeded:
- doubling force will no longer exactly double the extension - relationship becomes non- linear - force extension graph will stop becoming a straight line
27
FORCE=
SPRING CONSTANT x EXTENSION
28
distance=scalar quantity:
- how far an object moves | - does not take into account the direction an object is travelling
29
displacement=vector quantity:
- has a high magnitude, describes how far the object has travelled from the origin - has a direction, of the straight line
30
speed
- a measure of how fast an object is travelling | scalar quantity
31
SPEED=
DISTANCE ————— TIME
32
velocity
speed of something in a given direction | vector quantity
33
object travelling in straight line=
- constant speed | - constant velocity
34
object not travelling in a straight line=
- constant speed | - change of velocity
35
object moving in a circle=
- constantly changing velocity | - accelerating whilst travelling at constant speed
36
newton’s first law=
an object will stay in the same state of motion unless acted on by an external force
37
when resultant force is 0 | stationary
it remains stationary
38
when resultant force is 0 | moving
it continues to move at the same speed and direction
39
INERTIA =
tendency for objects to continue in the same state
40
velocity (speed or direction) will only change
if there is a resultant force on it
41
distance time graphs
- used to represent the motion of an object travelling in a straight line
42
the speed of an object on the time graph
is found from the gradient of the line
43
acceleration
is the measure of how quickly it speeds up, slows down or changes direction
44
ACCELERATION=
CHANGE IN VELOCITY ——————————— TIME TAKEN
45
when slows down:
negative acceleration
46
velocity time graphs, gradient=
can be used to find the acceleration of an object
47
velocity time graph | total distance travelled =
area under graph
48
newton’s second law:
the acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object
49
newton’s second law | if the resultant force is doubled...
acceleration will double
50
if the mass has doubled...
acceleration will be halved
51
FORCE=
MASS x ACCELERATION
52
inertial mass=
given by ratio of force over acceleration
53
the larger mass..
the bigger force needed to change the velocity
54
terminal velocity:
highest possible velocity when object falls through fluid
55
when an object falls through a fluid:
-object accelerates -as it speeds up: resistive force increases -resultant force reaches 0 when the resistive forces balance the force of gravity -object will fall at streaky speed (terminal velocity)
56
newtons third law
for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
57
for every action there is an equal opposite reaction means
that whenever one object exerts a force on another, the other object exerts a force back
58
momentum or a moving object...
depends on it’s mass + velocity
59
the greater momentum of an object...
the greater the force needed to stop the object
60
at the same speed, the larger mass...
will have more momentum than a smaller mass
61
with the same mass, a faster object...
will have more momentum than a slower object
62
MOMENTUM =
MASS x VELOCITY
63
in a closed system | momentum
the total momentum before an event = total momentum after
64
conservation of momentum
referred to during collisions | rockets + projectiles
65
stopping distance depends on...
- the thinking distance (reaction time) - the breaking distance (breaking force)
66
breaking force:
- the great the speed of the vehicle, the longer the stopping distance
67
reaction time:
how quickly a person responds to a stimulus
68
reaction time can be affected by:
tiredness drugs alcohol distractions (phone)
69
the increase reaction time =
increase stopping distance
70
how to measure reaction time:
ruler drop test
71
factors affecting breaking distance
- conditions of the road - vehicle - weather
72
greater the breaking force=
greater deceleration of the vehicle
73
to find the size of breaking force=
the equation for work done is used
74
WORK DONE=
FORCE x DISTANCE

physics paper 2 (4 decks)

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