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GCSE Physics > Forces > Flashcards

Forces Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 examples of contact forces?

A

normal contact force
tension force
friction force

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2
Q

What are 3 examples of non-contact forces?

A

Gravitational force

Electrostatic force

Magnetic force

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3
Q

What is the difference between vector and scalar?

A

Scalar quantities only have a magnitude and do not have a direction.

Vector quantities have both a magnitude and a direction.

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4
Q

If all the forces acting on an object balance out, then we say that the object is in:

A

Equilibrium

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of deformation of a spring?

A

elastic, inelastic

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6
Q

What does elastic deformation mean?

A

an object returns to its original shape after the forces have been removed

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7
Q

What is inelastic deformation?

A

an object does not return to its original shape after the forces have been removed

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8
Q

What is an object’s spring constant?

A

a measure of how many Newtons of force it would require to stretch (or compress) the object by 1 metre.

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9
Q

What are the units for spring constant?

A

N/m

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10
Q

What is Hooke’s law?

A

F = ke
force = spring constant * extension

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11
Q

What is an object’s elastic limit?

A

if you stretch an object past this limit it will start deforming inelastically

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12
Q

A _____ spring constant means the spring is more firm.

A _____ spring constant means the spring is less firm.

A

higher
lower

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13
Q

What is the formula for elastic potential energy?

A

energy = 0.5 * spring constant * extension^2

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14
Q

In a force - extension graph, The gradient of the straight part of the graph tells us the:

A

spring constant

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15
Q

In a force - extension graph, The area under the curve tells us the:

A

elastic potential energy

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16
Q

In a force - extension graph, The point where the line goes from straight to curved is referred to as the:

A

Elastic limit
or
Limit of proportionality

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17
Q

What is a moment?

A

the rotational or turning effect of a force.

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18
Q

What is the formula for moment?

A

Moment = force * (perpendicular) distance

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19
Q

What are the units for moment?

A

Nm

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20
Q

What is equation for weight?

A

weight = mass * gravitational field strength

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21
Q

What is the formula for pressure?

A

pressure = force/area

22
Q

What are the units for pressure?

A

Pascals (Pa)

23
Q

Which states of matter exert pressure?

A

all of them

24
Q

What is the formula for acceleration?

A

acceleration = change in velocity / time

25
Q

The gradient of a distance / time graph tells us:

A

speed

26
Q

What does a flat line on a distance / time graph tell us about the movement of an object?

A

the object is stationary

27
Q

What does a flat line on a velocity/time graph tell us about the object?

A

it is moving at a constant velocity

28
Q

The gradient of a velocity / time graph tells us:

A

The acceleration or deceleration of the object

29
Q

a straight diagonal line in a velocity/time graph shows us:

A

the object is accelerating

30
Q

On a velocity / time graph, the distance travelled is shown by:

A

The area under the curve

31
Q

What is the size of air resistance dependant on?

A

surface area and velocity

32
Q

We say an object has reached ‘terminal velocity’ when it is falling with a _________ velocity.

A

constant

33
Q

When is terminal velocity reached?

A

The weight has the same magnitude as the air resistance

The resultant force is zero

34
Q

What is newton’s first law?

A

a resultant force is required to change the motion of an object

35
Q

What is newton’s second law?

A

F = MA
the force is proportional to the objects acceleration

36
Q

What is newton’s third law?

A

When two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are Equal and opposite

37
Q

What is the normal contact force?

A

the equal and opposite force exerted by an object when in contact with it and when it doesn’t move

38
Q

A person weighs 800 N and is standing on the ground.
The ground is pushing upwards towards the person’s feet. How many newtons is this force?

A

800N

39
Q

What is stopping distance?

A

the total distance a car travels from the moment when the driver first notices an obstruction, to when the car stops.

40
Q

Stopping distance equals:

A

Thinking distance + braking distance

41
Q

What are 3 things that may slow down a person’s reaction time?

A

being distracted
consuming alcohol
tiredness

42
Q

What are 3 things that may increase braking distance?

A

Ice on the road

Worn tyre tread

Worn brakes

43
Q

What is breaking distance?

A

the total distance a car travels from the moment when the breaks are first applied, to when the car stops.

44
Q

if a vehicle drives twice as fast, what will happen to the breaking distance?

A

The breaking distance increases by four times

45
Q

what is the relation between breaking distance and vehicle speed?

A

If the vehicle speed increases by a factor of 2, then the breaking distance will increase by a factor 2 squared (2^2), so 4 fold.
if increased by 3 it will increase by 3^2 (9) times

46
Q

Which factor affects both the thinking distance and the braking distance?

A

Speed of the vehicle

47
Q

What is the formula for momentum?

A

momentum = mass * velocity

48
Q

What are the units for momentum?

A

kg m/s

49
Q

The conservation of momentum principle states:

A

The total momentum before a collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision.

50
Q

What formula relates force to momentum?

A

force = change in momentum / time

51
Q

Which safety features of a car aim to slow the rate at which momentum is lost?

A

Crumple zones

Air bags

52
Q
A

GCSE Physics (9 decks)

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