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GCSE Physics > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 8 main types of energy?

A

thermal, GPE, elastic, kinetic, nuclear, electrostatic, chemical, magnetic

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2
Q

What are the 4 ways energy can be transferred?

A

mechanically, heating, electrically, radiation

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3
Q

What is a system?

A

the collection of matter of an object or multiple objects

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4
Q

What is the difference between an open and closed system?

A

in a closed system, neither matter or energy can leave or enter from the ‘outside’. in an open system it can

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5
Q

What is work done?

A

energy transferred

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6
Q

what are the 2 types of work done?

A

mechanical and electrical

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7
Q

Is the energy stored in a battery stored in its kinetic, or chemical energy store?

A

Chemical

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8
Q

Energy is transferred to a light bulb electrically.
How is energy transferred away from a light bulb?

A

thermal energy and light energy

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9
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be transferred from one form to another.

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10
Q

Which energy store increases when an object is lifted 1.5 m above the ground?

A

GPE`

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11
Q

What is kinetic energy of an object?

A

energy it possesses due to its motion

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12
Q

How do you work out kinetic energy?

A

1/2 * mass * velocity^2
mass in kg
velocity in m/s

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13
Q

An object has a mass of 2 kg, and is travelling at a velocity of 5 m/s.
How much kinetic energy does the object have?

A

25J

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14
Q

A cyclist is riding down a hill at a speed of 10 m/s.
The cyclist has 4 kJ of kinetic energy.
Calculate the cyclist’s mass.

A

80Kg

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15
Q

What is the gravitational field?

A

the area around an object which has gravity

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16
Q

What is earth’s gravitational field strength/

A

9.8 N/Kg

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17
Q

How do you calculate an objects weight?

A

mass * Gravitational field strength

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18
Q

What is the units of weight?

A

Newtons

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19
Q

What is the formula for GPE?

A

mass * GFS * height
mass is in Kg
GFS is in N/kg (usually 9.8)
height is in m

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20
Q

What is the weight of a 70 kg object on earth?

A

686 N

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21
Q

Tony has a mass of 65 kg on Earth. What is Tony’s mass on the moon?

A

65Kg

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22
Q

Which two factors determine the strength of the gravitational force of attraction?

A

The mass of the objects
The distance between the objects

23
Q

A ball is thrown vertically upwards.
Which of the following shows the correct energy stores for the ball at the highest point.

A

GPE = maximum and KE = minimum

24
Q

What is the internal energy of an object?

A

the total energy stored by the particles making up a substance or system

25
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

amount of energy needed to heat 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius

26
Q

What is the equation for change in internal energy using specific heat capacity?

A

change in energy = mass (kg) * S.H.C (j/kgC) * change in temp (C)

27
Q

what is the specific heat capacity of water?

A

4200 J/kgC

28
Q

A material with a higher specific heat capacity requires:

A

More energy to change its temperature

29
Q

What happens to ‘dissipated’ energy?

A

It is lost to the surroundings

30
Q

Conduction primarily takes place in:

A

solids

31
Q

How does conduction work?

A

as one part of the solid is heated, the particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate faster causing them to collide into neighbouring particles. Through collisions the kinetic energy spreads through the solid, increasing the total thermal energy.

32
Q

Which type of materials have a higher thermal conductivity?

A

metals

33
Q

In what state of matter can convection take place in?

A

gases and liquids

34
Q

what is a convection current?

A

gas or liquid is heated, causing it to gain kinetic energy and become less dense. This means it rises above the other, less dense, colder particles. It then cools and sinks again, whilst the once cold particles were heated and rise

35
Q

What type of radiation is heat energy?

A

infrared

36
Q

What are3 features of a house which help to reduce heat loss by conduction?

A

Double glazed windows
Walls made of a material with low thermal conductivity
Cavity walls

37
Q

What helps to reduce friction between two surfaces?

A

lubricant

38
Q

What is the formula for power?

A

energy or work done / time

39
Q

What are the units of power?

A

Watts (W)

40
Q

A 25 W light bulb was turned on and consumed 650 J of energy before it was turned off. How long was the light bulb on for?

A

26s

41
Q

A toaster consumes 40,500 J in 45 s, what is its power consumption?

A

900W

42
Q

How could a bicycle be made more efficient?

A

Add some oil to the chain

43
Q

The government has recommended that the sale of filament lamps should be banned. suggest why.

A

Filament lamps are inefficient

44
Q

During the course of a day, an electric motor usefully transfers 1600 kJ. The energy supplied to the electric motor is 4000 kJ
What is the efficiency of the motor?

A

0.4

45
Q

The efficiency of a 25 W energy-saving lamp is 0.6.
How much energy does it waste each second?

A

10J

46
Q

A speaker has an input power of 30 W, but only 10 W is converted to sound energy.
Suggest what happens to the other 20 W.

A

lost as thermal energy

47
Q

What are the 2 types of energy resources?

A

renewable and non-renewable

48
Q

What are 5 of the main renewable energy resources?

A

Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Water waves
Biofuels
Hydroelectricity
Tidal

49
Q

what are the 3 fossil fuels?

A

coal, crude oil, natural gas

50
Q

Is nuclear energy renewable?

A

no

51
Q

Which type of energy resource provides the majority of our electricity?

A

Non-renewable energy resources

52
Q

Which of the energy resources below is the most widely used for heating homes in the UK?

A

natural gas

53
Q

Which of the following can be mixed with petrol to make it more environmentally friendly?

A

biofuel

54
Q
A

GCSE Physics (9 decks)

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