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Physics Paper 2 > Forces > Flashcards

Forces Flashcards

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1
Q

What do Scalar quantities have ?

A

Magnitude only.

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2
Q

What do Vector quantities have?

A

Magnitude (size ) and direction

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3
Q

What can a Vector quantity be represented by ?

A

An arrow
The length represents magnitude.
The direction represents the direction of the force

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4
Q

What are contact forces ?

A

When 2 or more forces are physically touching.

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5
Q

Examples of a contact force ?

A

Friction, Air resistance, Tension

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5
Q

What are non-contact forces

A

When 2 forces exert a force onto eachother but are physically seperated.

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6
Q

What is weight ?

A

The force acting on a object due to gravity?

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6
Q

Examples of a Non-contact force ?

A

Gravitational force, Electrostatic force and Magnetic force.

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7
Q

What affects weight?

A

The gravitational field strength of where the object is?

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8
Q

What is weight measured in?

A

Newtons

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9
Q

What is mass measured in?

A

Kilograms

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10
Q

What is gravitational field strength measured in ?

A

Newtons/ kilogram

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11
Q

What can weight be measured using?

A

A calibrated spring-balance.

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12
Q

What is a Resultant Force?

A

When a number of forces are replaced by a single force, which has the same effect as the original forces put together

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13
Q

Which diagrams show Resultant forces, horizontally and vertically ?

A

Free Body Diagrams

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14
Q

What is Work Done?

A

When a force causes an object to move through a distance or causes a displacement in the object.

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15
Q

What is force measured in?

A

Newtons

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16
Q

What is distance (S) measured in?

A

Metres

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17
Q

What is extension directly proportional to ?

A

Force applied

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18
Q

What is the limit of Proportionality?

A

When the extension is no longer proportional to the force applied.

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19
Q

What is the spring constant measured in?

A

newtons per meter.

20
Q

What does it mean when a object is Elastically deformed?

A

When a object changes shape due to a force applied but returns to normal once it’s removed

21
Q

What does it mean when a object is Inelastically deformed ?

A

When a object chnage shape due to a force applied but does not return to normal once it’s removed.

22
Q

What is distance ?

A

It is how far an object has moved (scalar quantity)

23
Q

What is displacement ?

A

It is the distance of how far a object has moved measured in a straight line from the start to the ending point + the direction of that line. ( Vector quantity)

24
Q

Does speed involve direction (Scalar) ?

A

No it doesn’t.

25
Q

Which factors affect the speed of a person or object?

A

Age, Terrain, Fitness and distance travelled.

26
Q

What are the typical speed values?

A

Walking- 1.5 m/s
Running- 3 m/s
Cycling- 6 m/s

27
Q

Is the speed of a moving object constant ?

A

No, when people walk and run or travel in a car, their speed is constantly changing.

28
Q

What is the unit for time?

A

Seconds

29
Q

What is the unit for speed?

A

Meters per Second

30
Q

What is Velocity?

A

It is speed in a given direction

31
Q

How can you calculate the speed of a object?

A

From the gradient of it’s distance- time graph.

32
Q

How do you calculate the gradient of distance-time graph?

A

By drawing a tangent

33
Q

How can you calculate the speed from a velocity- time graph?

A

From the area underneath the graph, a triangle.

34
Q

What happens to an object in a fluid ?

A

It initially accelerates due to the force of gravity, but eventually it’s resultant force will be 0 and it will be at Terminal Velocity.

35
Q

What is Newton’s First Law ?

A

If the Resultant Force acting on an object is 0…
if the object is stationary, it will remain stationary.
if the object is moving, it will remain at the same speed and going in the same direction ( same velocity)

36
Q

What can you apply Newton’s First Law to?

A

In an exam, you can explain the motion of objects moving at a uniform velocity and objects where the speed/direction changes.

37
Q

What is Inertia?

A

The tendency of objects to continue in their state of rest or of uniform motion.

38
Q

What is Newton’s Second Law ?

A

The acceleration of an object is proportional to the Resultant Force acting on the object, and is inversely proportional to it’s mass.

39
Q

What is Newton’s Third Law ?

A

Whenever 2 forces, interact the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite. ( Can be used in Equilibrium questions)

40
Q

What is the Stopping Distance?

A

It is the sum of the distance the vehicle travels during the driver’s reaction time (Thinking Distance) and the distance it travels under breaking force (Breaking Distance)

41
Q

What can a driver’s reaction time be affected by?

A

Tiredness
Drugs
Alcohol.

42
Q

What can a driver’s braking distance be affected by?

A

Wet or Icy Roads
Poor Brake conditions
Poor Tyre condition

43
Q

What happens when a force is applied to the brakes?

A

The work done by the friction force between the breaks and wheel reduce the KINETIC ENERGY within the car, and transfers it to the car’s THERMAL ENERGY STORE and the car’s temperature increases.

44
Q

What’s the relationship between Braking Forces and Speed ?

A

The greater the speed of a Vehicle, the greater the braking force needed to stop the Vehicle in a certain distance.

45
Q

What can happen if too much force is applied to the breaks/ Large deacceleration?

A

The brakes may overheat or it could cause a loss of control.

46
Q

Braking force and deacceleration?

A

The larger the braking force, the larger the deacceleration.

47
Q

What is the conservation of Momentum?

A

The total momentum before an event is equal to the total momentum after the event.

48
Q

When can you talk about momentum in exams?

A

In questions that discuss collisions and as a model.

49
Q

What is momentum?

A

It is a property of each moving object an it’s the object’s mass multiplied by it’s velocity.

Physics Paper 2 (3 decks)

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