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Physics > Forces > Flashcards

Forces Flashcards

1
Q

differences between scalar and vector quantity:

A

Scalar quantities have magnitude only.
Vector quantities have magnitude and an associated direction. Force is a vector quantity

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2
Q

what is a force?

A

A force is a push or pull that acts on an object due to the interaction with another object.

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3
Q

examples of non-contact forces:

A

gravitational force, electrostatic force and magnetic force.

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4
Q

examples of contact forces:

A

friction, air resistance, tension and normal contact force

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5
Q

What is weight?

A

Weight is the force acting on an object due to gravity. The force of gravity close to the Earth is due to the gravitational field around the Earth.
The weight of an object depends on the gravitational field strength at the point where the object is.

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6
Q

Equation for weight:

A

weight = mass × gravitational field strength

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7
Q

What is weight measured in:

A

newton meter.

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8
Q

what is a resultant force?

A

A number of forces acting on an object may be replaced by a single force that has the same effect as all the original forces acting together. A single force can be resolved into two components acting at right angles to each other. The two component forces together have the same effect as the single force.

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9
Q

How is work done?

A

When a force causes an object to move through a distance work is done on the object. So a force does work on an object when the force causes a displacement of the object.

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10
Q

What is the extension of an elastic object directly proportional to ?

A

The extension of an elastic object, such as a spring, is directly proportional to the force applied, provided that the limit of proportionality is not exceeded.

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11
Q

What is the work done on the spring and the elastic potential energy?

A

A force that stretches (or compresses) a spring does work and elastic potential energy is stored in the spring. Provided the spring is not inelastically deformed, the work done on the spring and the elastic potential energy stored are equal.

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12
Q

What is Distance?

A

Distance is how far an object moves. Distance does not involve direction. Distance is a scalar quantity.

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13
Q

What is displacement?

A

Displacement includes both the distance an object moves, measured in a straight line from the start point to the finish point and the direction of that straight line. Displacement is a vector quantity.

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14
Q

Is speed vector or scalar?

A

Speed does not involve direction. Speed is a scalar quantity

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15
Q

What is velocity?

A

The velocity of an object is its speed in a given direction. Velocity is a vector quantity.

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16
Q

What can be represented by a distance time graph?

A

If an object moves along a straight line, the distance travelled can be represented by a distance–time graph.
The speed of an object can be calculated from the gradient of its distance–time graph.

17
Q

If an object is accelerating how can its speed by determined?

A

If an object is accelerating, its speed at any particular time
can be determined by drawing a tangent and measuring the gradient of the distance–time graph at that time.

18
Q

How can the acceleration of an object be calculated?

A

The acceleration of an object can be calculated from the gradient of a velocity–time graph.

19
Q

How can the distance travelled by an object be calculated?

A

The distance travelled by an object (or displacement of an
object) can be calculated from the area under a velocity–time graph

20
Q

What is the gravity for an object falling freely on earth?

A

Near the Earth’s surface any object falling freely under gravity has an acceleration of about 9.8 m/s2

21
Q

Why does an object falling through water initially accelerate?

A

An object falling through a fluid initially accelerates due to the force of gravity. Eventually the resultant force will be zero and the object
will move at its terminal velocity

22
Q

What is Newtons Second Law?

A

The acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force acting on the object, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

23
Q

What is Newtons First Law

A

If the resultant force acting on an object is zero and:
* the object is stationary, the object remains stationary
* the object is moving, the object continues to move at the same speed and in the
same direction. So the object
continues to move at the same velocity.

24
Q

What is Newtons Second Law?

A

The acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force acting on the object, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object

25
Q

What is Newton’s Third Law?

A

Whenever two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite.

26
Q

What is the stopping distance?

A

The stopping distance of a vehicle is the sum of the distance the vehicle travels during the driver’s reaction time (thinking distance)
and the distance it travels under the braking force (braking distance). For a given braking force the greater the speed of the
vehicle, the greater the stopping distance.

27
Q

What can a drivers reaction time be affected by?

A

A driver’s reaction time can be affected by tiredness, drugs and alcohol. Distractions may also affect a driver’s ability to react.

28
Q

What can affect braking distance?

A

The braking distance of a vehicle can be affected by adverse road and weather conditions and poor condition of the vehicle.
Adverse road conditions include wet or icy conditions. Poor condition of the vehicle is limited to the vehicle’s brakes or tyres.

29
Q

What can affect braking distance?

A

The braking distance of a vehicle can be affected by adverse road and weather conditions and poor condition of the vehicle.
Adverse road conditions include wet or icy conditions. Poor condition of the vehicle is limited to the vehicle’s brakes or tyres.

30
Q

What happens when a force is applied to the brakes of a vehicle?

A

When a force is applied to the brakes of a vehicle, work done by the friction force between the brakes and the wheel reduces the kinetic
energy of the vehicle and the temperature of the brakes increases.

31
Q

How does the speed of a vehicle affect the braking force?

A

The greater the speed of a vehicle the greater the braking force needed to stop the vehicle in a certain distance.

32
Q

How does the braking force affect deceleration?

A

The greater the braking force the greater the deceleration of the vehicle. Large decelerations may lead to brakes overheating and/or
loss of control.

33
Q

What is conservation of momentum?

A

In a closed system, the total momentum before an event is equal to the total momentum after the event.

Physics (7 decks)

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