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Physics CGP > Forces > Flashcards

Forces Flashcards

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1
Q

Vector quantity

A

Have magnitude and direction (force, velocity, displacement, momentum…)

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2
Q

Scalar quantities

A

Only magnitude (speed, distance, mass, temp)

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3
Q

Interaction pair

A

A pair of forces that are equal and opposite and act on two interacting objects (based on Newtons third law)

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4
Q

Gravitational force is…

A

Force of attraction between masses

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5
Q

Mass is different to weight how 🤷

A

Mass is the amount of stuff if an object where as weight is the force due to gravity depending on strength of its field and location.

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6
Q

Uniform object

A

One with the same density throughout the regular shape

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7
Q

For earth what is the gravitational field

A

9.8 N/kg

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8
Q

Gravity of moon

A

1.6 N/kg

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9
Q

Weight and mass are directly proportional ?

A

👏👏👏👏👏👌

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10
Q

If a resultant force moves an object what is happening

A

Work is done!

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11
Q

When work is done what happens

A

Energy is transferred from one store to another as the object moves

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12
Q

One joule of work is done when a…

A

Force of one newton causes an object to move a distsance of one meter

1J = 1Nm

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13
Q

How do you use scale drawings to find resultant forces

A

Draw a straight line from the start of the first force to the end of the last force for the resultant force. Measure the length of the resultant force to find the magnitude and the angle to find the direction of the force.

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14
Q

What does equilibrium mean

A

When forces are balanced and the resultant force = 0

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15
Q

How do you find the missing force acting on an object if it is equilibrium

A

Draw out the forces you do know, join the end of the last force to the start of the first force. This line is your missing forcd so you can measure the size and direction

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16
Q

Splitting a force into components

A

Forces at awkward angles can be split into components at right sngles to each other. Acting together the have the same effect aa a single force so toy can resolve a force by drawing a force to scale, and then add the horizontal and vertical components along grid lines. You can then measure them.

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17
Q

Elastic objects

A

Objects that can be elastically deformed

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18
Q

If an object is ellasticslly deformed then what happens to its energy

A

All the energy is transfered to the object’s elastic potentail energy store

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19
Q

Extention of a spring is directly proportional to

A

The load or force applied

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20
Q

Spring constant depends on what

A

The material that you are stretching

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21
Q

Limit of proportionality of eleasticity

A

When the extention is no longer proportional to the force

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22
Q

Turning effect of a force

A

Moment

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23
Q

How to get maximum moment

A

Need to push at right angles

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24
Q

Levers increase what

A

The distance from the pivot at which the force is applied

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25
Q

What can different sized forces cause

A

Change in moment of a force

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26
Q

What are fluids

A

Substance that can flow as particles aee able to move around and collide with other partilces

27
Q

Pressure is what

A

Fore per unit area, meaning particles exert a pressure. It depends on depth and density

28
Q

What does density measure in a liquid

A

The compactness of a substance which is uniform in a liquid and doesn’t vary in shape or size

29
Q

As depth increases what else increases

A

The number of particles above a point increases (the weight of the particles adds pressure)

30
Q

What is upthrust

A

The pressure of a fluid exerting force in every direction

31
Q

What is upthrust equal to

A

The weight of fluid that has been displaced by the object

32
Q

How does an object float

A

If its upthrust is equal to its weight depending on density

33
Q

Atmospheric pressure decreases with height as

A

It is a layer of air that is thin compared to the size of the earth. It is created on a surface by air molecules colliding with the surface. As the altitude increases the air is less dense (fewer air molecules collide with the surface). Also, there are fewer air molecules above a surface as the height increases.

34
Q 
A person walking
A person running
A person cycling
A car 
A train
A plain
A 
1.5m/s
3m/s
6m/s 
25m/s 
30m/s 
250m/s
35
Q

Uniform acceleration

A

Just something speeding up at a constant rate

36
Q

On a distance time graph what is the gradient

A

Speed (distance/time)

37
Q

On a distance time graph what is acceleration

A

The gradient of the tangent to thw curve at that point

38
Q

On a velocity time graph what is gradient

A

Acceleration

39
Q

On a velocity time graph what is the distance travelled

A

Area under any section of the graph in that time interval

40
Q

Terminal velocity

A

Maximum speed where it is a steady speed compared by drag in comparison to weight and frictional force.

41
Q

Frictional force depends on

A

Shape and area

42
Q

Newton’s First Law

A

If the resultant force on a stationary object is zero, the object will remain stationary. If the resultant force on a moving object is zero, it’ll just carry on moving at the same velocity

43
Q

Acceleration is proportional to…

A

The resultant force

44
Q

Acceleration is inversly proportional to…

A

Mass

45
Q

Newton’s second law

A

Resultsnt force = mass x acceleration

46
Q

Inertia has the tendecy to do what?

A

Tendency for motion to remain unchanged, objects at a steady speed will stay moving at that speed (newton’s first law)

47
Q

Inertia mass can be found using

A

Newtons second law (F=ma)

48
Q

Newton’s Third Law

A

When two objects interact, the forces (same forces) they exert on eachother are equal and opposite

49
Q

Normal contact force

A

An object or person giving equal but opposite force back

50
Q

Stopping distance =

A

Thinking distance + Braking distance

51
Q

Thinking distance is effected by:

A

Speed

Reaction time

52
Q

Breaking distsnce is effected by

A

Speed-the faster the vehcile travles, the longer it takes to stop
Weather and road surface-can cause less grip (less friction)
Condition of tires-if tires are bald they can’t get rid of water (skidding)
How good the breaks are-worn breaks won’t apply as much force

53
Q

Reaction distance effected by

A

Tiredness
Drugs
Alcohol

54
Q

Thinking distance increases at the same rate as

A

Speed

55
Q

Work done to stop a car is equal to

A

The car’s kinetic energy store’s energy

56
Q

As speed doubles in breaking distance the kinetic energy increases how much

A

4 fold (2 squared) meanind work done increases 4 fold too

57
Q

Momentum=

A

Mass x velocity

58
Q

The greater the mass of an object, or the greater the velocity…

A

The more momentum the pbject has

59
Q

Conservation of momentum

A

The total momentum before an event is the same as after the event

60
Q

What happens in momentum when a ball with the smas mass a another ball collide

A

The stationary ball has zero momentum. The moving ball has a veloxity so it has momentum. As the moving ball hits the other, it causes it to move (has momentum). The moving ball countinues to move but at a smaller velocity/momentum as the other ball now has combined momentum to equal the original momentum

61
Q

If a moving car hits a parked car, what happens to its momentum

A

The crash causes the cars to lock together, and continue moving in the direction of the original moving car but at lower velocity. Beofre the momentum was equal to the mass of the moving car x its velocity but now the mass of the moving object has increased, but its momentum is equal to before. Sk an increase in mass casues a decrease in velocity

62
Q

How does resultant force change momentum

A

Resultant force acting on a moving object changes the velocity, meaning it changes the momentum too.

Force causing change is equal to the rate of momentum

63
Q

Saftey features of cars:

A

Crumple zones-increasing time takien for car to stop
Seat belts-increasing time taking for person to stop
Airbags

Physics CGP (7 decks)

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