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Physics > Force, Energy And Momentum > Flashcards

Force, Energy And Momentum Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between scalar and vector quantities

A

Scalars describe only a magnitude while Vectors describe magnitude and direction

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2
Q

What are some examples of scalar quantities

A

Distance speed mass and temp

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3
Q

What are some examples of vector quantities

A

Displacement velocity force/weight and acceleration

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4
Q

How do you find the resultant force of two perpendicular forces

A

Use Pythagoras

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5
Q

How do you find the direction of two perpendicular forces

A

Trigonometry

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6
Q

What type of diagram should be drawn to show two forces that are not perpendicular

A

A scale drawing

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7
Q

For an object to be in equilibrium the sum of all the forces acting on it should add up to what

A

0

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8
Q

Does an object in equilibrium have a resultant force and what does that mean about the motion of the object

A

It has no resultant force so the object is either at rest or moving at a constant velocity

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9
Q

What are the two ways of showing an object is at equilibrium

A

Adding the horizontal and vertical components of the forces acting on it showing they equal to 0
Or if there are 3 forces acting on it draw a scale diagram if the scale diagram forms a closed diagram then the object is in equilibrium

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10
Q

What is the equation for a moment

A

Moment = force x perpendicular distance to line of action of the force from the point

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11
Q

What is a couple

A

Is a pair of coplanar forces( forces that act in the same plane) where the two forces are equal in magnitude but act in opposite directions

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12
Q

How do you find the moment of a couple

A

Moment of a couple = force x perpendicular distance between the lines of action of forces

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13
Q

What does the principle of moments state

A

That for an object in equilibrium, the sum of the anti-clockwise moments about a pivot is equal to the sum of the clockwise moments

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14
Q

What is the centre of mass of an object

A

Is when an object is balanced at a particular point this means at this point the object does not turn meaning all the weight on one side of the pivot is equal to the weight on the other side of the pivot

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15
Q

What does it mean if an object is described as uniform

A

The centre of mass is exactly at its centre

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16
Q

What is speed

A

How quickly an object is travelling

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17
Q

What is displacement

A

The overall distance travelled from the starting position

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18
Q

What is velocity

A

Rate of change of displacement

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19
Q

what is acceleration

A

rate of change of velocity

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20
Q

what is instantaneous velocity and how can it be found

A

is the velocity of an object at a specific point in time
it can be found from a displacement time graph by drawing a tangent to the graph at the specific time and calculating the gradient

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21
Q

what is average velocity and how can it be found

A

is the velocity of an object over a specified time frame it can be found by dividing the final displacement by the time taken

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22
Q

what is uniform acceleration

A

where the acceleration of an object is constant

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23
Q

what do acceleration time graphs represent and what does the area under the graph equal

A

represents the change in acceleration over time and the area under the graph equals the change in velocity

24
Q

what do velocity time graphs represent and what does the gradient and area under the graph equal

A

represent the change in velocity over time and the gradient equals acceleration and the area under the graph equals displacement

25
Q

what do displacement time graphs represent and what does the gradient equal

A

shows the change in displacement and the gradient equals velocity

26
Q

what equations can you use when an object is moving at uniform acceleration

A

SUVAT’s

27
Q

are the vertical and horizontal components of projectile motion dependent or independent

A

independent

28
Q

how do you calculate projectile motion

A

calculate horizontal and vertical components separately using the uniform acceleration formula

29
Q

what is free fall

A

where an object experiences an acceleration of g

30
Q

what is friction and what else is it known as

A

a forces which opposes the motion of an object and can be known as drag or air resistance

31
Q

when does the magnitude of air resistance increase

A

when the speed of the object increases

32
Q

what is lift and what it caused by

A

is an upwards force which acts on an object travelling in a fluid and is caused by the object creating a change in direction of fluid flow

33
Q

when does terminal speed occur

A

occurs where the frictional forces acting on an object and driving forces on an object and so there is no resultant force so no acceleration so the object travels at a constant speed

34
Q

what is an example of an object reaching terminal speed

A
  • as they leave the plane they accelerate because their weight is greater than the air resistance
  • as the skydiver’s speed increases, the magnitude of air resistance also increases
  • this continues until the force of weight and air resistance become equal, at which point terminal velocity is reached
35
Q

what does air resistance affect in projectile motion

A

the horizontal and vertical components as the max height is reached quicker and it doesn’t travel as far or as high

36
Q

what is newtons first law

A

an object will remain at rest or travelling at a constant velocity until it experiences and external resultant force

37
Q

what is newtons second law

A

the acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force experienced by the object F = M A

38
Q

what is newtons third law

A

for each force experienced by an object the objects exerts an equal and opposite force

39
Q

what is momentum

A

is the product of mass and velocity of an object

40
Q

what is impulse

A

is the change in momentum

41
Q

what is force

A

the rate of change of momentum

42
Q

on a force time graph what is the area under the graph equal to

A

the the change in momentum

43
Q

what are the two types of collisions

A

elastic and inelastic

44
Q

what is an elastic collision

A

where both momentum and kinetic energy is conserved

45
Q

what is inelastic collision

A

where only momentum is conserved while the kinetic energy is converted into other forms

46
Q

what makes it an inelastic collision

A

when the object in a collision stick together after the collision

47
Q

what is work done

A

the force causing a motion multiplied by the distance travelled in the direction of the force

48
Q

what does the rate of doing work equal

A

the rate of energy transfer

49
Q

what is power

A

the rate of energy transfer

50
Q

what is the area of a force displacement graph equal to

A

work done

51
Q

what is efficiency

A

is a measure of how efficiently a system transfers energy

52
Q

what is the principle of conservation of energy

A

that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be transferred from one form to another

53
Q

if the total energy is in a closed system does the energy stay constant

A

yes

54
Q

what is an example of conservation of energy

A

the thrower gives the ball kinetic energy therefor it moves upwards, however as it does the ball slows down because kinetic energy is being transferred to gravitational potential energy
- eventually, all the kinetic energy is transferred to gravitational potential energy and the ball stops momentarily, after which the ball’s gravitational potential energy is converted back into kinetic energy and the ball falls to the ground

55
Q
A

Physics (18 decks)

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